Femtosecond laser photochemical reduction of silver ion solution for micro-welding of transparent and hard materials for solar cell packaging

Transparent and hard materials are extensively employed in the fabrication of integrated devices. Ultrafast laser micro-welding technology serves as an efficient method for joining such materials. However, initiating multiphoton absorption in transparent materials necessitates high pulse energy, and...

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Main Authors: Hao Chen, Zhaoxu Li, Mingyang Han, Xiao Yang, Zhimin Liang, Shi Bai
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-08-01
Series:Materials & Design
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264127525007762
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author Hao Chen
Zhaoxu Li
Mingyang Han
Xiao Yang
Zhimin Liang
Shi Bai
author_facet Hao Chen
Zhaoxu Li
Mingyang Han
Xiao Yang
Zhimin Liang
Shi Bai
author_sort Hao Chen
collection DOAJ
description Transparent and hard materials are extensively employed in the fabrication of integrated devices. Ultrafast laser micro-welding technology serves as an efficient method for joining such materials. However, initiating multiphoton absorption in transparent materials necessitates high pulse energy, and a polished surface forming optical contact is crucial for ensuring reliable laser welding. Consequently, achieving high-quality connections of transparent materials under non-optical contact conditions presents a challenge. In this study, a silver ion solution was utilized as an intermediate layer for femtosecond laser micro-welding of glass and heterogeneous materials. The findings demonstrated that photochemically reduced silver nanoclusters increased the shear strength of glass to 27.36 MPa at a low input energy density (2.4J/cm2). Furthermore, the quality of the connection and sealing reliability were assessed through thermal shock and waterproof evaluations. The results indicated that femtosecond laser welding assisted by a silver ion solution is an effective and energy-efficient technique for achieving high-quality connections of non-optically contacted transparent materials, offering a promising approach for applications such as solar cell packaging.
format Article
id doaj-art-a77c7ed27b9b47e285f414b23da7986b
institution Kabale University
issn 0264-1275
language English
publishDate 2025-08-01
publisher Elsevier
record_format Article
series Materials & Design
spelling doaj-art-a77c7ed27b9b47e285f414b23da7986b2025-08-20T03:50:12ZengElsevierMaterials & Design0264-12752025-08-0125611435610.1016/j.matdes.2025.114356Femtosecond laser photochemical reduction of silver ion solution for micro-welding of transparent and hard materials for solar cell packagingHao Chen0Zhaoxu Li1Mingyang Han2Xiao Yang3Zhimin Liang4Shi Bai5Hebei Key Laboratory of Materials Near-Net-Forming Technology, School of Material Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050018, PR ChinaHebei Key Laboratory of Materials Near-Net-Forming Technology, School of Material Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050018, PR ChinaHebei Key Laboratory of Materials Near-Net-Forming Technology, School of Material Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050018, PR ChinaHebei Key Laboratory of Materials Near-Net-Forming Technology, School of Material Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050018, PR ChinaHebei Key Laboratory of Materials Near-Net-Forming Technology, School of Material Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050018, PR ChinaAdvanced Laser Processing Research Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan; Corresponding author at: Advanced Laser Processing Research Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.Transparent and hard materials are extensively employed in the fabrication of integrated devices. Ultrafast laser micro-welding technology serves as an efficient method for joining such materials. However, initiating multiphoton absorption in transparent materials necessitates high pulse energy, and a polished surface forming optical contact is crucial for ensuring reliable laser welding. Consequently, achieving high-quality connections of transparent materials under non-optical contact conditions presents a challenge. In this study, a silver ion solution was utilized as an intermediate layer for femtosecond laser micro-welding of glass and heterogeneous materials. The findings demonstrated that photochemically reduced silver nanoclusters increased the shear strength of glass to 27.36 MPa at a low input energy density (2.4J/cm2). Furthermore, the quality of the connection and sealing reliability were assessed through thermal shock and waterproof evaluations. The results indicated that femtosecond laser welding assisted by a silver ion solution is an effective and energy-efficient technique for achieving high-quality connections of non-optically contacted transparent materials, offering a promising approach for applications such as solar cell packaging.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264127525007762Laser weldingFemtosecond laserSilver nanoparticlesGlass weldingSolar cell packaging
spellingShingle Hao Chen
Zhaoxu Li
Mingyang Han
Xiao Yang
Zhimin Liang
Shi Bai
Femtosecond laser photochemical reduction of silver ion solution for micro-welding of transparent and hard materials for solar cell packaging
Materials & Design
Laser welding
Femtosecond laser
Silver nanoparticles
Glass welding
Solar cell packaging
title Femtosecond laser photochemical reduction of silver ion solution for micro-welding of transparent and hard materials for solar cell packaging
title_full Femtosecond laser photochemical reduction of silver ion solution for micro-welding of transparent and hard materials for solar cell packaging
title_fullStr Femtosecond laser photochemical reduction of silver ion solution for micro-welding of transparent and hard materials for solar cell packaging
title_full_unstemmed Femtosecond laser photochemical reduction of silver ion solution for micro-welding of transparent and hard materials for solar cell packaging
title_short Femtosecond laser photochemical reduction of silver ion solution for micro-welding of transparent and hard materials for solar cell packaging
title_sort femtosecond laser photochemical reduction of silver ion solution for micro welding of transparent and hard materials for solar cell packaging
topic Laser welding
Femtosecond laser
Silver nanoparticles
Glass welding
Solar cell packaging
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264127525007762
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