A positive feedback loop between SMAD3 and PINK1 in regulation of mitophagy

Abstract PTEN-induced kinase-1 (PINK1) is a crucial player in selective clearance of damaged mitochondria via the autophagy-lysosome pathway, a process termed mitophagy. Previous studies on PINK1 mainly focused on its post-translational modifications, while the transcriptional regulation of PINK1 is...

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Main Authors: Mingzhu Tang, Dade Rong, Xiangzheng Gao, Guang Lu, Haimei Tang, Peng Wang, Ning-Yi Shao, Dajing Xia, Xin-Hua Feng, Wei-Feng He, Weilin Chen, Jia-Hong Lu, Wei Liu, Han-Ming Shen
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Publishing Group 2025-03-01
Series:Cell Discovery
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41421-025-00774-4
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author Mingzhu Tang
Dade Rong
Xiangzheng Gao
Guang Lu
Haimei Tang
Peng Wang
Ning-Yi Shao
Dajing Xia
Xin-Hua Feng
Wei-Feng He
Weilin Chen
Jia-Hong Lu
Wei Liu
Han-Ming Shen
author_facet Mingzhu Tang
Dade Rong
Xiangzheng Gao
Guang Lu
Haimei Tang
Peng Wang
Ning-Yi Shao
Dajing Xia
Xin-Hua Feng
Wei-Feng He
Weilin Chen
Jia-Hong Lu
Wei Liu
Han-Ming Shen
author_sort Mingzhu Tang
collection DOAJ
description Abstract PTEN-induced kinase-1 (PINK1) is a crucial player in selective clearance of damaged mitochondria via the autophagy-lysosome pathway, a process termed mitophagy. Previous studies on PINK1 mainly focused on its post-translational modifications, while the transcriptional regulation of PINK1 is much less understood. Herein, we reported a novel mechanism in control of PINK1 transcription by SMAD Family Member 3 (SMAD3), an essential component of the transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ)-SMAD signaling pathway. First, we observed that mitochondrial depolarization promotes PINK1 transcription, and SMAD3 is likely to be the nuclear transcription factor mediating PINK1 transcription. Intriguingly, SMAD3 positively transactivates PINK1 transcription independent of the canonical TGFβ signaling components, such as TGFβ-R1, SMAD2 or SMAD4. Second, we found that mitochondrial depolarization activates SMAD3 via PINK1-mediated phosphorylation of SMAD3 at serine 423/425. Therefore, PINK1 and SMAD3 constitute a positive feedforward loop in control of mitophagy. Finally, activation of PINK1 transcription by SMAD3 provides an important pro-survival signal, as depletion of SMAD3 sensitizes cells to cell death caused by mitochondrial stress. In summary, our findings identify a non-canonical function of SMAD3 as a nuclear transcriptional factor in regulation of PINK1 transcription and mitophagy and a positive feedback loop via PINK1-mediated SMAD3 phosphorylation and activation. Understanding this novel regulatory mechanism provides a deeper insight into the pathological function of PINK1 in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease.
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spelling doaj-art-a752f61bc35f4c84bb521a80d58e4ab92025-08-20T02:56:14ZengNature Publishing GroupCell Discovery2056-59682025-03-0111111710.1038/s41421-025-00774-4A positive feedback loop between SMAD3 and PINK1 in regulation of mitophagyMingzhu Tang0Dade Rong1Xiangzheng Gao2Guang Lu3Haimei Tang4Peng Wang5Ning-Yi Shao6Dajing Xia7Xin-Hua Feng8Wei-Feng He9Weilin Chen10Jia-Hong Lu11Wei Liu12Han-Ming Shen13Faculty of Healthy Sciences, Ministry of Education Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncology, University of MacauFaculty of Healthy Sciences, Ministry of Education Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncology, University of MacauFaculty of Healthy Sciences, Ministry of Education Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncology, University of MacauZhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen UniversityFaculty of Healthy Sciences, Ministry of Education Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncology, University of MacauFaculty of Healthy Sciences, Ministry of Education Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncology, University of MacauFaculty of Healthy Sciences, Ministry of Education Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncology, University of MacauDepartment of Toxicology of School of Public Health and Department of Gynecologic Oncology of Women’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of MedicineLife Science Institute, Zhejiang UniversityState Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical UniversityDepartment of Immunology, Shenzhen University School of MedicineState Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of MacauCenter for Metabolism Research, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, and International School of Medicine, International Institutes of Medicine, Zhejiang UniversityFaculty of Healthy Sciences, Ministry of Education Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncology, University of MacauAbstract PTEN-induced kinase-1 (PINK1) is a crucial player in selective clearance of damaged mitochondria via the autophagy-lysosome pathway, a process termed mitophagy. Previous studies on PINK1 mainly focused on its post-translational modifications, while the transcriptional regulation of PINK1 is much less understood. Herein, we reported a novel mechanism in control of PINK1 transcription by SMAD Family Member 3 (SMAD3), an essential component of the transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ)-SMAD signaling pathway. First, we observed that mitochondrial depolarization promotes PINK1 transcription, and SMAD3 is likely to be the nuclear transcription factor mediating PINK1 transcription. Intriguingly, SMAD3 positively transactivates PINK1 transcription independent of the canonical TGFβ signaling components, such as TGFβ-R1, SMAD2 or SMAD4. Second, we found that mitochondrial depolarization activates SMAD3 via PINK1-mediated phosphorylation of SMAD3 at serine 423/425. Therefore, PINK1 and SMAD3 constitute a positive feedforward loop in control of mitophagy. Finally, activation of PINK1 transcription by SMAD3 provides an important pro-survival signal, as depletion of SMAD3 sensitizes cells to cell death caused by mitochondrial stress. In summary, our findings identify a non-canonical function of SMAD3 as a nuclear transcriptional factor in regulation of PINK1 transcription and mitophagy and a positive feedback loop via PINK1-mediated SMAD3 phosphorylation and activation. Understanding this novel regulatory mechanism provides a deeper insight into the pathological function of PINK1 in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41421-025-00774-4
spellingShingle Mingzhu Tang
Dade Rong
Xiangzheng Gao
Guang Lu
Haimei Tang
Peng Wang
Ning-Yi Shao
Dajing Xia
Xin-Hua Feng
Wei-Feng He
Weilin Chen
Jia-Hong Lu
Wei Liu
Han-Ming Shen
A positive feedback loop between SMAD3 and PINK1 in regulation of mitophagy
Cell Discovery
title A positive feedback loop between SMAD3 and PINK1 in regulation of mitophagy
title_full A positive feedback loop between SMAD3 and PINK1 in regulation of mitophagy
title_fullStr A positive feedback loop between SMAD3 and PINK1 in regulation of mitophagy
title_full_unstemmed A positive feedback loop between SMAD3 and PINK1 in regulation of mitophagy
title_short A positive feedback loop between SMAD3 and PINK1 in regulation of mitophagy
title_sort positive feedback loop between smad3 and pink1 in regulation of mitophagy
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41421-025-00774-4
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