The controllable of BODIPY dimers without installing blocking groups as both fluorescence and singlet oxygen generators

Abstract We compared a range of BODIPY dimer derivatives without installing blocking groups by optimizing geometry structures and analyzing energies, frontier molecular orbitals, Chole&Cele map, electron density difference, spin‐orbit coupling (SOC) matrix and decay rate constants from excited s...

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Main Authors: Jianfang Cao, Tianci Zhang, Xinyu Chen, Xue Ma, Jiangli Fan
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2025-03-01
Series:Smart Molecules
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1002/smo.20240023
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author Jianfang Cao
Tianci Zhang
Xinyu Chen
Xue Ma
Jiangli Fan
author_facet Jianfang Cao
Tianci Zhang
Xinyu Chen
Xue Ma
Jiangli Fan
author_sort Jianfang Cao
collection DOAJ
description Abstract We compared a range of BODIPY dimer derivatives without installing blocking groups by optimizing geometry structures and analyzing energies, frontier molecular orbitals, Chole&Cele map, electron density difference, spin‐orbit coupling (SOC) matrix and decay rate constants from excited states. The dihedral angles of the β‐β‐linked BODIPY dimer and the α‐α‐linked BODIPY dimer tend to flatten in the T1 state, which is detrimental to the occurrence of the intersystem crossing (ISC). Conversely, the dihedral angle of the meso‐β‐linked BODIPY dimer, the meso‐meso‐linked BODIPY dimer and α‐γ‐linked BODIPY dimer is within the range of 125°–143° in the T1 state, facilitating ISC and the generation of singlet oxygen. Notably, the transition from S1 to S0 involving lowest unoccupied molecular orbital to highest occupied molecular orbital with long‐wavelength emission and moderate oscillator strength underpins the remarkable long emission peaks observed experimentally for α‐γ‐linked BODIPY dimer. Moreover, the apparent SOC matrix enhances the ISC process, resulting in a respectable efficiency in generating singlet oxygen for this dimer. In meso‐β‐linked BODIPY, meso‐meso‐linked BODIPY, and α‐γ‐linked BODIPY, the S1→T1 process is characterized by a significant charge transfer, specifically transitioning from the 1CT state to the 3LE state, indicative of a spin‐orbit charge transfer ISC (SOCT‐ISC) mechanism. The ability to regulate the photosensitivity of BODIPY dimers by adjusting the dihedral angle between the two units in the T1 state unveils new avenues for designing high‐performance photosensitizers for both therapeutic and imaging applications.
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spelling doaj-art-a7092e9a8be247a4b7b5059b6703f45d2025-08-20T03:41:15ZengWileySmart Molecules2751-45872751-45952025-03-0131n/an/a10.1002/smo.20240023The controllable of BODIPY dimers without installing blocking groups as both fluorescence and singlet oxygen generatorsJianfang Cao0Tianci Zhang1Xinyu Chen2Xue Ma3Jiangli Fan4School of Chemical Engineering Ocean and Life Sciences Dalian University of Technology Panjin ChinaSchool of Chemical Engineering Ocean and Life Sciences Dalian University of Technology Panjin ChinaSchool of Chemical Engineering Ocean and Life Sciences Dalian University of Technology Panjin ChinaSchool of Chemical Engineering Ocean and Life Sciences Dalian University of Technology Panjin ChinaState Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals Dalian University of Technology Dalian ChinaAbstract We compared a range of BODIPY dimer derivatives without installing blocking groups by optimizing geometry structures and analyzing energies, frontier molecular orbitals, Chole&Cele map, electron density difference, spin‐orbit coupling (SOC) matrix and decay rate constants from excited states. The dihedral angles of the β‐β‐linked BODIPY dimer and the α‐α‐linked BODIPY dimer tend to flatten in the T1 state, which is detrimental to the occurrence of the intersystem crossing (ISC). Conversely, the dihedral angle of the meso‐β‐linked BODIPY dimer, the meso‐meso‐linked BODIPY dimer and α‐γ‐linked BODIPY dimer is within the range of 125°–143° in the T1 state, facilitating ISC and the generation of singlet oxygen. Notably, the transition from S1 to S0 involving lowest unoccupied molecular orbital to highest occupied molecular orbital with long‐wavelength emission and moderate oscillator strength underpins the remarkable long emission peaks observed experimentally for α‐γ‐linked BODIPY dimer. Moreover, the apparent SOC matrix enhances the ISC process, resulting in a respectable efficiency in generating singlet oxygen for this dimer. In meso‐β‐linked BODIPY, meso‐meso‐linked BODIPY, and α‐γ‐linked BODIPY, the S1→T1 process is characterized by a significant charge transfer, specifically transitioning from the 1CT state to the 3LE state, indicative of a spin‐orbit charge transfer ISC (SOCT‐ISC) mechanism. The ability to regulate the photosensitivity of BODIPY dimers by adjusting the dihedral angle between the two units in the T1 state unveils new avenues for designing high‐performance photosensitizers for both therapeutic and imaging applications.https://doi.org/10.1002/smo.20240023BODIPY dimersdensity functional calculationsdual‐functioning photosensitizersspin‐orbit coupling
spellingShingle Jianfang Cao
Tianci Zhang
Xinyu Chen
Xue Ma
Jiangli Fan
The controllable of BODIPY dimers without installing blocking groups as both fluorescence and singlet oxygen generators
Smart Molecules
BODIPY dimers
density functional calculations
dual‐functioning photosensitizers
spin‐orbit coupling
title The controllable of BODIPY dimers without installing blocking groups as both fluorescence and singlet oxygen generators
title_full The controllable of BODIPY dimers without installing blocking groups as both fluorescence and singlet oxygen generators
title_fullStr The controllable of BODIPY dimers without installing blocking groups as both fluorescence and singlet oxygen generators
title_full_unstemmed The controllable of BODIPY dimers without installing blocking groups as both fluorescence and singlet oxygen generators
title_short The controllable of BODIPY dimers without installing blocking groups as both fluorescence and singlet oxygen generators
title_sort controllable of bodipy dimers without installing blocking groups as both fluorescence and singlet oxygen generators
topic BODIPY dimers
density functional calculations
dual‐functioning photosensitizers
spin‐orbit coupling
url https://doi.org/10.1002/smo.20240023
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