Metabolomics Study by Amino and Organic Acid Profiling Analyses in Pre- and Post-Milling Barley Using Gas Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry
Barley (<i>Hordeum vulgare</i>) is a major cereal grain grown in temperate climates globally and provides various nutrients in a peeled form after milling. However, milling causes changes in nutritional composition, including metabolites. Thus, a metabolomics study was conducted to monit...
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2024-11-01
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| author | Byeongchan Choi Moongi Ji Songjin Oh Jaeyeop Lim Mi Ja Lee Man-Jeong Paik |
| author_facet | Byeongchan Choi Moongi Ji Songjin Oh Jaeyeop Lim Mi Ja Lee Man-Jeong Paik |
| author_sort | Byeongchan Choi |
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| description | Barley (<i>Hordeum vulgare</i>) is a major cereal grain grown in temperate climates globally and provides various nutrients in a peeled form after milling. However, milling causes changes in nutritional composition, including metabolites. Thus, a metabolomics study was conducted to monitor the changes in nutritional composition before and after the milling of Hordeum vulgare seeds (<i>Saechalssal</i>, <i>Hinchalssal</i>, and <i>Yeongbaekchal</i>) focusing on the development and application of new analytical methods for organic acids (OA) and amino acids (AA). Profiling analyses of OAs and AAs were performed using GC-MS/MS. This analytical method showed good linearity (r ≥ 0.995) with limit of detection (0.1 ng, 21.2 ng) and limit of quantitation (0.3 ng, 63.6 ng), respectively. Repeatability varied from 0.1 to 12.4 (% RSD) and accuracy varied from –12.3 to 14.8 (% RE), respectively. Altered levels of 36 metabolites (16 OAs, 20 AAs) were monitored post-milling and compared with pre-milling in the three <i>Hordeum vulgare</i> cultivars. Radar plots of OAs and AAs to corresponding mean levels of each pre-milling group in the three <i>Hordeum vulgare</i> cultivars were easily distinguished from those in each post-milling group. The pre-and post-milling groups of the three <i>Hordeum vulgare</i> cultivars were completely separated by partial least square discriminant analysis, and the lysine, cysteine, glutamic acid, asparagine, 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid, and citric acid were significantly different. Therefore, this study will be useful for monitoring altered metabolites following milling and discrimination of varieties. |
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| institution | Kabale University |
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| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-11-01 |
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| spelling | doaj-art-a6cfff7d00bf4feb88fc9a4e332ed3b52024-12-27T14:19:30ZengMDPI AGCrops2673-76552024-11-014452353910.3390/crops4040038Metabolomics Study by Amino and Organic Acid Profiling Analyses in Pre- and Post-Milling Barley Using Gas Chromatography-Tandem Mass SpectrometryByeongchan Choi0Moongi Ji1Songjin Oh2Jaeyeop Lim3Mi Ja Lee4Man-Jeong Paik5College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Jeollanam-do, Republic of KoreaCollege of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Jeollanam-do, Republic of KoreaCollege of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Jeollanam-do, Republic of KoreaCollege of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Jeollanam-do, Republic of KoreaCrop Foundation Research Division, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju-gun 55365, Jeonbuk, Republic of KoreaCollege of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Jeollanam-do, Republic of KoreaBarley (<i>Hordeum vulgare</i>) is a major cereal grain grown in temperate climates globally and provides various nutrients in a peeled form after milling. However, milling causes changes in nutritional composition, including metabolites. Thus, a metabolomics study was conducted to monitor the changes in nutritional composition before and after the milling of Hordeum vulgare seeds (<i>Saechalssal</i>, <i>Hinchalssal</i>, and <i>Yeongbaekchal</i>) focusing on the development and application of new analytical methods for organic acids (OA) and amino acids (AA). Profiling analyses of OAs and AAs were performed using GC-MS/MS. This analytical method showed good linearity (r ≥ 0.995) with limit of detection (0.1 ng, 21.2 ng) and limit of quantitation (0.3 ng, 63.6 ng), respectively. Repeatability varied from 0.1 to 12.4 (% RSD) and accuracy varied from –12.3 to 14.8 (% RE), respectively. Altered levels of 36 metabolites (16 OAs, 20 AAs) were monitored post-milling and compared with pre-milling in the three <i>Hordeum vulgare</i> cultivars. Radar plots of OAs and AAs to corresponding mean levels of each pre-milling group in the three <i>Hordeum vulgare</i> cultivars were easily distinguished from those in each post-milling group. The pre-and post-milling groups of the three <i>Hordeum vulgare</i> cultivars were completely separated by partial least square discriminant analysis, and the lysine, cysteine, glutamic acid, asparagine, 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid, and citric acid were significantly different. Therefore, this study will be useful for monitoring altered metabolites following milling and discrimination of varieties.https://www.mdpi.com/2673-7655/4/4/38Barley (<i>Hordeum vulgare</i>)amino acidorganic acidprofiling analysismetabolomicsgas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry |
| spellingShingle | Byeongchan Choi Moongi Ji Songjin Oh Jaeyeop Lim Mi Ja Lee Man-Jeong Paik Metabolomics Study by Amino and Organic Acid Profiling Analyses in Pre- and Post-Milling Barley Using Gas Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry Crops Barley (<i>Hordeum vulgare</i>) amino acid organic acid profiling analysis metabolomics gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry |
| title | Metabolomics Study by Amino and Organic Acid Profiling Analyses in Pre- and Post-Milling Barley Using Gas Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry |
| title_full | Metabolomics Study by Amino and Organic Acid Profiling Analyses in Pre- and Post-Milling Barley Using Gas Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry |
| title_fullStr | Metabolomics Study by Amino and Organic Acid Profiling Analyses in Pre- and Post-Milling Barley Using Gas Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry |
| title_full_unstemmed | Metabolomics Study by Amino and Organic Acid Profiling Analyses in Pre- and Post-Milling Barley Using Gas Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry |
| title_short | Metabolomics Study by Amino and Organic Acid Profiling Analyses in Pre- and Post-Milling Barley Using Gas Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry |
| title_sort | metabolomics study by amino and organic acid profiling analyses in pre and post milling barley using gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry |
| topic | Barley (<i>Hordeum vulgare</i>) amino acid organic acid profiling analysis metabolomics gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2673-7655/4/4/38 |
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