A Review of Coal Fly Ash Utilization: Environmental, Energy, and Material Assessment
Global coal consumption is continuously increasing. It is still the primary fuel used in power plants. Despite policies in the European Union aimed at reducing coal consumption, there are countries in the world where coal use continues to rise (China and India are the largest consumers of coal). Coa...
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2024-12-01
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| Series: | Energies |
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| author | Monika Kuźnia |
| author_facet | Monika Kuźnia |
| author_sort | Monika Kuźnia |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Global coal consumption is continuously increasing. It is still the primary fuel used in power plants. Despite policies in the European Union aimed at reducing coal consumption, there are countries in the world where coal use continues to rise (China and India are the largest consumers of coal). Coal combustion produces waste, 70% of which is fly ash. It consists mainly of SiO<sub>2</sub> and Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>. Fly ash also includes Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, TiO<sub>2</sub>, MgO, K<sub>2</sub>O, and CaO. This article describes various methods of using fly ash. Fly ash can be used in the cement industry, as a filler in materials, in zeolite synthesis, in cenosphere separation, in agriculture, in water purification, in road construction as an asphalt filler, and in mine backfilling. An interesting method of using fly ash as a filler in the production of rigid polyurethane foam was also described. The article concerns potential uses in accordance with the principles of a Circular Economy. The environmental, energy, and material aspects are discussed. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-a648ccaf9d9543b3843da3a46bd4f166 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1996-1073 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Energies |
| spelling | doaj-art-a648ccaf9d9543b3843da3a46bd4f1662025-01-10T13:16:57ZengMDPI AGEnergies1996-10732024-12-011815210.3390/en18010052A Review of Coal Fly Ash Utilization: Environmental, Energy, and Material AssessmentMonika Kuźnia0Department of Heat Engineering and Environment Protection, Faculty of Metals Engineering and Industrial Computer Science, AGH University of Krakow, Mickiewicza 30 Av., 30-059 Krakow, PolandGlobal coal consumption is continuously increasing. It is still the primary fuel used in power plants. Despite policies in the European Union aimed at reducing coal consumption, there are countries in the world where coal use continues to rise (China and India are the largest consumers of coal). Coal combustion produces waste, 70% of which is fly ash. It consists mainly of SiO<sub>2</sub> and Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>. Fly ash also includes Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, TiO<sub>2</sub>, MgO, K<sub>2</sub>O, and CaO. This article describes various methods of using fly ash. Fly ash can be used in the cement industry, as a filler in materials, in zeolite synthesis, in cenosphere separation, in agriculture, in water purification, in road construction as an asphalt filler, and in mine backfilling. An interesting method of using fly ash as a filler in the production of rigid polyurethane foam was also described. The article concerns potential uses in accordance with the principles of a Circular Economy. The environmental, energy, and material aspects are discussed.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/1/52coal combustion productsfly ashcircular economyfillerwaste utilizationcenospheres |
| spellingShingle | Monika Kuźnia A Review of Coal Fly Ash Utilization: Environmental, Energy, and Material Assessment Energies coal combustion products fly ash circular economy filler waste utilization cenospheres |
| title | A Review of Coal Fly Ash Utilization: Environmental, Energy, and Material Assessment |
| title_full | A Review of Coal Fly Ash Utilization: Environmental, Energy, and Material Assessment |
| title_fullStr | A Review of Coal Fly Ash Utilization: Environmental, Energy, and Material Assessment |
| title_full_unstemmed | A Review of Coal Fly Ash Utilization: Environmental, Energy, and Material Assessment |
| title_short | A Review of Coal Fly Ash Utilization: Environmental, Energy, and Material Assessment |
| title_sort | review of coal fly ash utilization environmental energy and material assessment |
| topic | coal combustion products fly ash circular economy filler waste utilization cenospheres |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/1/52 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT monikakuznia areviewofcoalflyashutilizationenvironmentalenergyandmaterialassessment AT monikakuznia reviewofcoalflyashutilizationenvironmentalenergyandmaterialassessment |