Simultaneous measurement of liquid level and R.I. sensor using POF based on twisted structure
Abstract In this paper, a dual-parameter liquid level and refractive index (R.I.) sensor is fabricated using three pieces of bare polymer optical fibers (POFs), which can independently and simultaneously sense the liquid level and R.I. The proposed sensor design utilizes the twisted coupling techniq...
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Nature Portfolio
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Scientific Reports |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-84964-2 |
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| author | Muhammad Saleh Urf Kumail Haider Chen Chen Abdul Ghaffar Sadam Hussain Mujahid Mehdi Laraib Unsa Noor Sabir Ali Kalhoro Min Liu |
| author_facet | Muhammad Saleh Urf Kumail Haider Chen Chen Abdul Ghaffar Sadam Hussain Mujahid Mehdi Laraib Unsa Noor Sabir Ali Kalhoro Min Liu |
| author_sort | Muhammad Saleh Urf Kumail Haider |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract In this paper, a dual-parameter liquid level and refractive index (R.I.) sensor is fabricated using three pieces of bare polymer optical fibers (POFs), which can independently and simultaneously sense the liquid level and R.I. The proposed sensor design utilizes the twisted coupling technique, in which two optical fibers are twisted and coupled with macro-bending. The liquid level measurement depends on the coupling loss, where the light is transmitted to emission fiber (EF) and twisted with coupled acceptor fiber (AF). The proposed liquid level sensor can measure depths up to 125 mm with a sensitivity of 8.03 nW/mm. Moreover, R.I. sensing depends on the twisted coupled macro-bending (TCMB) technique, where the EF generates bend loss and the AF couples the loss, where the coupled power varies due to the transformation in R.I. of coupling medium. The R.I. sensor revealing a notable sensitivity of -2663%/RIU and an impressive resolution of 3.754 × 10−4 in the different NaCl-saturated liquids featuring R.I. range extending from 1.333 to 1.361. The experimental findings indicate the sensor exhibits excellent stability and reliability. The sensor’s straightforward, comprehensive, and cost-effective design enables its application in chemical, petroleum, and other industries. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-a643c32b7fdf44c4a71d0ccf87e57b29 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
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| series | Scientific Reports |
| spelling | doaj-art-a643c32b7fdf44c4a71d0ccf87e57b292025-01-12T12:18:04ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-01-0115111210.1038/s41598-024-84964-2Simultaneous measurement of liquid level and R.I. sensor using POF based on twisted structureMuhammad Saleh Urf Kumail Haider0Chen Chen1Abdul Ghaffar2Sadam Hussain3Mujahid Mehdi4Laraib Unsa Noor5Sabir Ali Kalhoro6Min Liu7School of Microelectronics and Communication Engineering, Chongqing UniversitySchool of Microelectronics and Communication Engineering, Chongqing UniversityKey Laboratory of Air-Driven Equipment Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Mechanical Engineering, Quzhou UniversityKey Laboratory of Air-Driven Equipment Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Mechanical Engineering, Quzhou UniversityAror University of Art Architecture Design & Heritage Sindh, Faculty of Design, Aror, PakistanCollege of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Chongqing UniversityNorth Dakota State UniversitySchool of Microelectronics and Communication Engineering, Chongqing UniversityAbstract In this paper, a dual-parameter liquid level and refractive index (R.I.) sensor is fabricated using three pieces of bare polymer optical fibers (POFs), which can independently and simultaneously sense the liquid level and R.I. The proposed sensor design utilizes the twisted coupling technique, in which two optical fibers are twisted and coupled with macro-bending. The liquid level measurement depends on the coupling loss, where the light is transmitted to emission fiber (EF) and twisted with coupled acceptor fiber (AF). The proposed liquid level sensor can measure depths up to 125 mm with a sensitivity of 8.03 nW/mm. Moreover, R.I. sensing depends on the twisted coupled macro-bending (TCMB) technique, where the EF generates bend loss and the AF couples the loss, where the coupled power varies due to the transformation in R.I. of coupling medium. The R.I. sensor revealing a notable sensitivity of -2663%/RIU and an impressive resolution of 3.754 × 10−4 in the different NaCl-saturated liquids featuring R.I. range extending from 1.333 to 1.361. The experimental findings indicate the sensor exhibits excellent stability and reliability. The sensor’s straightforward, comprehensive, and cost-effective design enables its application in chemical, petroleum, and other industries.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-84964-2Liquid level sensorR.I. sensorMulti parameter techniqueCouplingBend loss |
| spellingShingle | Muhammad Saleh Urf Kumail Haider Chen Chen Abdul Ghaffar Sadam Hussain Mujahid Mehdi Laraib Unsa Noor Sabir Ali Kalhoro Min Liu Simultaneous measurement of liquid level and R.I. sensor using POF based on twisted structure Scientific Reports Liquid level sensor R.I. sensor Multi parameter technique Coupling Bend loss |
| title | Simultaneous measurement of liquid level and R.I. sensor using POF based on twisted structure |
| title_full | Simultaneous measurement of liquid level and R.I. sensor using POF based on twisted structure |
| title_fullStr | Simultaneous measurement of liquid level and R.I. sensor using POF based on twisted structure |
| title_full_unstemmed | Simultaneous measurement of liquid level and R.I. sensor using POF based on twisted structure |
| title_short | Simultaneous measurement of liquid level and R.I. sensor using POF based on twisted structure |
| title_sort | simultaneous measurement of liquid level and r i sensor using pof based on twisted structure |
| topic | Liquid level sensor R.I. sensor Multi parameter technique Coupling Bend loss |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-84964-2 |
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