Hyperbolic Paraboloid Free-Surface Breakwaters: Hydrodynamic Study and Structural Evaluation

This study investigates the potential of hyperbolic paraboloid (hypar) shapes for enhancing wave attenuation and structural efficiency in Free-Surface Breakwaters (FSBW). A decoupled approach combining Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) and Finite Element Method (FEM) is employed to analyze hypar...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Hamid ElDarwich, Gaoyuan Wu, Krisna A Pawitan, Maria Garlock
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-01-01
Series:Journal of Marine Science and Engineering
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1312/13/2/245
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1849719679235391488
author Hamid ElDarwich
Gaoyuan Wu
Krisna A Pawitan
Maria Garlock
author_facet Hamid ElDarwich
Gaoyuan Wu
Krisna A Pawitan
Maria Garlock
author_sort Hamid ElDarwich
collection DOAJ
description This study investigates the potential of hyperbolic paraboloid (hypar) shapes for enhancing wave attenuation and structural efficiency in Free-Surface Breakwaters (FSBW). A decoupled approach combining Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) and Finite Element Method (FEM) is employed to analyze hypar-faced FSBW performance across varying hypar warping values and wave characteristics. SPH simulations, validated through experiments, determine wave attenuation performance and extract pressure values for subsequent FEM analysis. Results indicate that hypar-faced FSBW produces increased wave attenuation compared to traditional flat-faced designs, particularly for shorter wave periods and smaller drafts. Furthermore, hypar surfaces exhibit up to three times lower principal stresses under wave loading compared to the flat counterpart, potentially allowing for thinner surfaces. The study also shows that peak-load static stress values provide a reasonable approximation for preliminary design, with less than 6% average difference compared to dynamic analysis results. In summary, this research presents hypar-faced FSBW as a promising alternative in coastal defense strategies, offering effective wave attenuation and structural efficiency in the context of rising sea levels and increasing storm intensities.
format Article
id doaj-art-a62d46ed1c8e4aa3a6d3fd08043d1c91
institution DOAJ
issn 2077-1312
language English
publishDate 2025-01-01
publisher MDPI AG
record_format Article
series Journal of Marine Science and Engineering
spelling doaj-art-a62d46ed1c8e4aa3a6d3fd08043d1c912025-08-20T03:12:05ZengMDPI AGJournal of Marine Science and Engineering2077-13122025-01-0113224510.3390/jmse13020245Hyperbolic Paraboloid Free-Surface Breakwaters: Hydrodynamic Study and Structural EvaluationHamid ElDarwich0Gaoyuan Wu1Krisna A Pawitan2Maria Garlock3Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USADepartment of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USADepartment of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USADepartment of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USAThis study investigates the potential of hyperbolic paraboloid (hypar) shapes for enhancing wave attenuation and structural efficiency in Free-Surface Breakwaters (FSBW). A decoupled approach combining Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) and Finite Element Method (FEM) is employed to analyze hypar-faced FSBW performance across varying hypar warping values and wave characteristics. SPH simulations, validated through experiments, determine wave attenuation performance and extract pressure values for subsequent FEM analysis. Results indicate that hypar-faced FSBW produces increased wave attenuation compared to traditional flat-faced designs, particularly for shorter wave periods and smaller drafts. Furthermore, hypar surfaces exhibit up to three times lower principal stresses under wave loading compared to the flat counterpart, potentially allowing for thinner surfaces. The study also shows that peak-load static stress values provide a reasonable approximation for preliminary design, with less than 6% average difference compared to dynamic analysis results. In summary, this research presents hypar-faced FSBW as a promising alternative in coastal defense strategies, offering effective wave attenuation and structural efficiency in the context of rising sea levels and increasing storm intensities.https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1312/13/2/245hydrodynamicsmarine structureswave loadfluid–structure interactionhyperbolic paraboloidfree-surface breakwaters
spellingShingle Hamid ElDarwich
Gaoyuan Wu
Krisna A Pawitan
Maria Garlock
Hyperbolic Paraboloid Free-Surface Breakwaters: Hydrodynamic Study and Structural Evaluation
Journal of Marine Science and Engineering
hydrodynamics
marine structures
wave load
fluid–structure interaction
hyperbolic paraboloid
free-surface breakwaters
title Hyperbolic Paraboloid Free-Surface Breakwaters: Hydrodynamic Study and Structural Evaluation
title_full Hyperbolic Paraboloid Free-Surface Breakwaters: Hydrodynamic Study and Structural Evaluation
title_fullStr Hyperbolic Paraboloid Free-Surface Breakwaters: Hydrodynamic Study and Structural Evaluation
title_full_unstemmed Hyperbolic Paraboloid Free-Surface Breakwaters: Hydrodynamic Study and Structural Evaluation
title_short Hyperbolic Paraboloid Free-Surface Breakwaters: Hydrodynamic Study and Structural Evaluation
title_sort hyperbolic paraboloid free surface breakwaters hydrodynamic study and structural evaluation
topic hydrodynamics
marine structures
wave load
fluid–structure interaction
hyperbolic paraboloid
free-surface breakwaters
url https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1312/13/2/245
work_keys_str_mv AT hamideldarwich hyperbolicparaboloidfreesurfacebreakwatershydrodynamicstudyandstructuralevaluation
AT gaoyuanwu hyperbolicparaboloidfreesurfacebreakwatershydrodynamicstudyandstructuralevaluation
AT krisnaapawitan hyperbolicparaboloidfreesurfacebreakwatershydrodynamicstudyandstructuralevaluation
AT mariagarlock hyperbolicparaboloidfreesurfacebreakwatershydrodynamicstudyandstructuralevaluation