Deans’ Transformational Leadership and Internationalization of Higher Education in Chinese Universities: Mediating Effect of Adhocracy Culture

The internationalization of higher education (IoHE) is a crucial component of China’s double first-class initiatives, driving universities to adopt effective leadership and cultural strategies. This research investigates the relationship between deans’ transformational leadership (TFL) and IoHE in 2...

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Main Authors: Zhu Zehao, Suhaida Abdul Kadir, Arnida Abdullah
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: SAGE Publishing 2025-08-01
Series:SAGE Open
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440251360139
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author Zhu Zehao
Suhaida Abdul Kadir
Arnida Abdullah
author_facet Zhu Zehao
Suhaida Abdul Kadir
Arnida Abdullah
author_sort Zhu Zehao
collection DOAJ
description The internationalization of higher education (IoHE) is a crucial component of China’s double first-class initiatives, driving universities to adopt effective leadership and cultural strategies. This research investigates the relationship between deans’ transformational leadership (TFL) and IoHE in 22 Chinese universities, focusing on the mediating role of adhocracy culture. Using proportionate stratified random sampling, data from 410 academic staff were analyzed via structural equation modeling and bootstrapping. Results reveal moderate levels of IoHE and adhocracy culture, alongside a high TFL prevalence. TFL significantly influences IoHE directly (β = .517, p < .001) and indirectly through adhocracy culture (β = .169, p < .001), with both factors explaining 56% of IoHE variance. Subdimensions, such as developing shared visions, building goal consensus, and modeling values exhibit strong direct effects, whereas adhocracy culture’s moderate effect ( f 2 = 0.151) highlights its complementary role. Notably, subdimension building collaborative structures unexpectedly correlates negatively with IoHE, potentially reflecting tensions between hierarchical norms and adaptive internationalization strategies. Limitations include sample exclusion of vocational colleges and exclusive focus on adhocracy culture within the competing values framework. Future research should explore hybrid cultural models and contextual factors to advance holistic IoHE strategies in Chinese hierarchical institutional contexts.
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spelling doaj-art-a5b2dc0dc71b4f5f82e4b35cae1ccacb2025-08-25T18:04:04ZengSAGE PublishingSAGE Open2158-24402025-08-011510.1177/21582440251360139Deans’ Transformational Leadership and Internationalization of Higher Education in Chinese Universities: Mediating Effect of Adhocracy CultureZhu Zehao0Suhaida Abdul Kadir1Arnida Abdullah2Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang, Selangor, MalaysiaUniversiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang, Selangor, MalaysiaUniversiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang, Selangor, MalaysiaThe internationalization of higher education (IoHE) is a crucial component of China’s double first-class initiatives, driving universities to adopt effective leadership and cultural strategies. This research investigates the relationship between deans’ transformational leadership (TFL) and IoHE in 22 Chinese universities, focusing on the mediating role of adhocracy culture. Using proportionate stratified random sampling, data from 410 academic staff were analyzed via structural equation modeling and bootstrapping. Results reveal moderate levels of IoHE and adhocracy culture, alongside a high TFL prevalence. TFL significantly influences IoHE directly (β = .517, p < .001) and indirectly through adhocracy culture (β = .169, p < .001), with both factors explaining 56% of IoHE variance. Subdimensions, such as developing shared visions, building goal consensus, and modeling values exhibit strong direct effects, whereas adhocracy culture’s moderate effect ( f 2 = 0.151) highlights its complementary role. Notably, subdimension building collaborative structures unexpectedly correlates negatively with IoHE, potentially reflecting tensions between hierarchical norms and adaptive internationalization strategies. Limitations include sample exclusion of vocational colleges and exclusive focus on adhocracy culture within the competing values framework. Future research should explore hybrid cultural models and contextual factors to advance holistic IoHE strategies in Chinese hierarchical institutional contexts.https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440251360139
spellingShingle Zhu Zehao
Suhaida Abdul Kadir
Arnida Abdullah
Deans’ Transformational Leadership and Internationalization of Higher Education in Chinese Universities: Mediating Effect of Adhocracy Culture
SAGE Open
title Deans’ Transformational Leadership and Internationalization of Higher Education in Chinese Universities: Mediating Effect of Adhocracy Culture
title_full Deans’ Transformational Leadership and Internationalization of Higher Education in Chinese Universities: Mediating Effect of Adhocracy Culture
title_fullStr Deans’ Transformational Leadership and Internationalization of Higher Education in Chinese Universities: Mediating Effect of Adhocracy Culture
title_full_unstemmed Deans’ Transformational Leadership and Internationalization of Higher Education in Chinese Universities: Mediating Effect of Adhocracy Culture
title_short Deans’ Transformational Leadership and Internationalization of Higher Education in Chinese Universities: Mediating Effect of Adhocracy Culture
title_sort deans transformational leadership and internationalization of higher education in chinese universities mediating effect of adhocracy culture
url https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440251360139
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AT suhaidaabdulkadir deanstransformationalleadershipandinternationalizationofhighereducationinchineseuniversitiesmediatingeffectofadhocracyculture
AT arnidaabdullah deanstransformationalleadershipandinternationalizationofhighereducationinchineseuniversitiesmediatingeffectofadhocracyculture