Element contents changes during the propagule development of two Sonneratia species
Vivipary is common in several mangrove species and is generally considered an adaptation to the intertidal saline environment. However, the coexistence of many nonviviparous mangroves makes this view controversial. This study investigated the propagule development of two nonviviparous mangrove speci...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Marine Science |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2024.1430782/full |
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| author | Chao Liu Chao Liu Chao Liu Lin Zhang Lin Zhang Xiaofang Shi Xiaofang Shi Xiaofang Shi Yanna Tang Yanna Tang Mao Wang Mao Wang Wenqing Wang Wenqing Wang |
| author_facet | Chao Liu Chao Liu Chao Liu Lin Zhang Lin Zhang Xiaofang Shi Xiaofang Shi Xiaofang Shi Yanna Tang Yanna Tang Mao Wang Mao Wang Wenqing Wang Wenqing Wang |
| author_sort | Chao Liu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Vivipary is common in several mangrove species and is generally considered an adaptation to the intertidal saline environment. However, the coexistence of many nonviviparous mangroves makes this view controversial. This study investigated the propagule development of two nonviviparous mangrove species, Sonneratia alba and S. caseolaris, with marked differences in salt tolerance and distribution. Changes in the density, water content, and concentrations of the five main osmoregulatory elements (Cl, Na, K, Ca, and Mg) were determined. As the propagules of S. alba and S. caseolaris mature, the element concentrations (mg/g) in the propagules gradually decrease, indicating a desalination process. Moreover, the Cl, Na, Ca, and Mg content in the propagules were lower than in the mature leaves and calyx. Similar to viviparous mangroves, the development of the propagules of nonviviparous mangroves is also a desalination process. Although both viviparous and nonviviparous mangrove species undergo a desalination process during propagule development, our findings suggest that viviparity may not be solely defined by desalination, but rather by the extended period of low-salinity protection during early development on the maternal tree, which represents a key adaptation for survival in high-salinity environments. In contrast, nonviviparous mangroves, which rely on seed germination and early development in saline seawater, face additional challenges in high-salinity habitats, highlighting their distinct adaptive strategies. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-a549589ae10341189a7f1e2ca21c6d9d |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2296-7745 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Marine Science |
| spelling | doaj-art-a549589ae10341189a7f1e2ca21c6d9d2025-01-07T05:24:04ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Marine Science2296-77452025-01-011110.3389/fmars.2024.14307821430782Element contents changes during the propagule development of two Sonneratia speciesChao Liu0Chao Liu1Chao Liu2Lin Zhang3Lin Zhang4Xiaofang Shi5Xiaofang Shi6Xiaofang Shi7Yanna Tang8Yanna Tang9Mao Wang10Mao Wang11Wenqing Wang12Wenqing Wang13School of Fishery, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, ChinaKey Laboratory for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, Ministry of Education, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, ChinaNational Observation and Research Station for the Taiwan Strait Marine Ecosystem, Xiamen University, Xiamen, ChinaKey Laboratory for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, Ministry of Education, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, ChinaNational Observation and Research Station for the Taiwan Strait Marine Ecosystem, Xiamen University, Xiamen, ChinaKey Laboratory for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, Ministry of Education, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, ChinaNational Observation and Research Station for the Taiwan Strait Marine Ecosystem, Xiamen University, Xiamen, ChinaGuangxi Key Lab of Mangrove Conservation and Utilization, Guangxi Academy of Marine Sciences, Guangxi Mangrove Research Center, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Beihai, ChinaKey Laboratory for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, Ministry of Education, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, ChinaNational Observation and Research Station for the Taiwan Strait Marine Ecosystem, Xiamen University, Xiamen, ChinaKey Laboratory for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, Ministry of Education, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, ChinaNational Observation and Research Station for the Taiwan Strait Marine Ecosystem, Xiamen University, Xiamen, ChinaKey Laboratory for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, Ministry of Education, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, ChinaNational Observation and Research Station for the Taiwan Strait Marine Ecosystem, Xiamen University, Xiamen, ChinaVivipary is common in several mangrove species and is generally considered an adaptation to the intertidal saline environment. However, the coexistence of many nonviviparous mangroves makes this view controversial. This study investigated the propagule development of two nonviviparous mangrove species, Sonneratia alba and S. caseolaris, with marked differences in salt tolerance and distribution. Changes in the density, water content, and concentrations of the five main osmoregulatory elements (Cl, Na, K, Ca, and Mg) were determined. As the propagules of S. alba and S. caseolaris mature, the element concentrations (mg/g) in the propagules gradually decrease, indicating a desalination process. Moreover, the Cl, Na, Ca, and Mg content in the propagules were lower than in the mature leaves and calyx. Similar to viviparous mangroves, the development of the propagules of nonviviparous mangroves is also a desalination process. Although both viviparous and nonviviparous mangrove species undergo a desalination process during propagule development, our findings suggest that viviparity may not be solely defined by desalination, but rather by the extended period of low-salinity protection during early development on the maternal tree, which represents a key adaptation for survival in high-salinity environments. In contrast, nonviviparous mangroves, which rely on seed germination and early development in saline seawater, face additional challenges in high-salinity habitats, highlighting their distinct adaptive strategies.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2024.1430782/fullSonneratianonviviparyviviparydevelopmental processpropagulesosmoregulation |
| spellingShingle | Chao Liu Chao Liu Chao Liu Lin Zhang Lin Zhang Xiaofang Shi Xiaofang Shi Xiaofang Shi Yanna Tang Yanna Tang Mao Wang Mao Wang Wenqing Wang Wenqing Wang Element contents changes during the propagule development of two Sonneratia species Frontiers in Marine Science Sonneratia nonvivipary vivipary developmental process propagules osmoregulation |
| title | Element contents changes during the propagule development of two Sonneratia species |
| title_full | Element contents changes during the propagule development of two Sonneratia species |
| title_fullStr | Element contents changes during the propagule development of two Sonneratia species |
| title_full_unstemmed | Element contents changes during the propagule development of two Sonneratia species |
| title_short | Element contents changes during the propagule development of two Sonneratia species |
| title_sort | element contents changes during the propagule development of two sonneratia species |
| topic | Sonneratia nonvivipary vivipary developmental process propagules osmoregulation |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2024.1430782/full |
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