The relationship between parameters and effects in transcranial ultrasonic stimulation

Transcranial ultrasonic stimulation (TUS) is rapidly gaining traction for non-invasive human neuromodulation, with a pressing need to establish protocols that maximise neuromodulatory efficacy. In this review, we aggregate and examine empirical evidence for the relationship between tunable TUS param...

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Main Authors: Tulika Nandi, Benjamin R. Kop, Kim Butts Pauly, Charlotte J. Stagg, Lennart Verhagen
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2024-11-01
Series:Brain Stimulation
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1935861X2400175X
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author Tulika Nandi
Benjamin R. Kop
Kim Butts Pauly
Charlotte J. Stagg
Lennart Verhagen
author_facet Tulika Nandi
Benjamin R. Kop
Kim Butts Pauly
Charlotte J. Stagg
Lennart Verhagen
author_sort Tulika Nandi
collection DOAJ
description Transcranial ultrasonic stimulation (TUS) is rapidly gaining traction for non-invasive human neuromodulation, with a pressing need to establish protocols that maximise neuromodulatory efficacy. In this review, we aggregate and examine empirical evidence for the relationship between tunable TUS parameters and in vitro and in vivo outcomes. Based on this multiscale approach, TUS researchers can make better informed decisions about optimal parameter settings. Importantly, we also discuss the challenges involved in extrapolating results from prior empirical work to future interventions, including the translation of protocols between models and the complex interaction between TUS protocols and the brain. A synthesis of the empirical evidence suggests that larger effects will be observed at lower frequencies within the sub-MHz range, higher intensities and pressures than commonly administered thus far, and longer pulses and pulse train durations. Nevertheless, we emphasise the need for cautious interpretation of empirical data from different experimental paradigms when basing protocols on prior work as we advance towards refined TUS parameters for human neuromodulation.
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spelling doaj-art-a50c7d616ef94c65a0c757976db3135d2024-12-19T10:53:10ZengElsevierBrain Stimulation1935-861X2024-11-0117612161228The relationship between parameters and effects in transcranial ultrasonic stimulationTulika Nandi0Benjamin R. Kop1Kim Butts Pauly2Charlotte J. Stagg3Lennart Verhagen4Donders Institute for Brain Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Thomas van Aquinostraat 4, 6525 GD, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Human Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1105, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Corresponding author. Donders Institute for Brain Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Thomas van Aquinostraat 4, 6525 GD Nijmegen, the Netherlands.Donders Institute for Brain Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Thomas van Aquinostraat 4, 6525 GD, Nijmegen, the NetherlandsDepartment of Radiology, Stanford University, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA, USAWellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, FMRIB Building, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK; Medical Research Council Brain Network Dynamics Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TH, UKDonders Institute for Brain Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Thomas van Aquinostraat 4, 6525 GD, Nijmegen, the NetherlandsTranscranial ultrasonic stimulation (TUS) is rapidly gaining traction for non-invasive human neuromodulation, with a pressing need to establish protocols that maximise neuromodulatory efficacy. In this review, we aggregate and examine empirical evidence for the relationship between tunable TUS parameters and in vitro and in vivo outcomes. Based on this multiscale approach, TUS researchers can make better informed decisions about optimal parameter settings. Importantly, we also discuss the challenges involved in extrapolating results from prior empirical work to future interventions, including the translation of protocols between models and the complex interaction between TUS protocols and the brain. A synthesis of the empirical evidence suggests that larger effects will be observed at lower frequencies within the sub-MHz range, higher intensities and pressures than commonly administered thus far, and longer pulses and pulse train durations. Nevertheless, we emphasise the need for cautious interpretation of empirical data from different experimental paradigms when basing protocols on prior work as we advance towards refined TUS parameters for human neuromodulation.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1935861X2400175XUltrasoundNeuromodulationParametersEffectsTranscranial ultrasonic stimulationMultiscale approach
spellingShingle Tulika Nandi
Benjamin R. Kop
Kim Butts Pauly
Charlotte J. Stagg
Lennart Verhagen
The relationship between parameters and effects in transcranial ultrasonic stimulation
Brain Stimulation
Ultrasound
Neuromodulation
Parameters
Effects
Transcranial ultrasonic stimulation
Multiscale approach
title The relationship between parameters and effects in transcranial ultrasonic stimulation
title_full The relationship between parameters and effects in transcranial ultrasonic stimulation
title_fullStr The relationship between parameters and effects in transcranial ultrasonic stimulation
title_full_unstemmed The relationship between parameters and effects in transcranial ultrasonic stimulation
title_short The relationship between parameters and effects in transcranial ultrasonic stimulation
title_sort relationship between parameters and effects in transcranial ultrasonic stimulation
topic Ultrasound
Neuromodulation
Parameters
Effects
Transcranial ultrasonic stimulation
Multiscale approach
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1935861X2400175X
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