The Challenge of Bacterial Strain Identification: <i>Leptospira interrogans</i> Serovars Australis in a Dog and Long-Term Clinical Follow-Up

Leptospirosis is a widespread disease throughout the world, presenting in severe clinical forms in dogs. The pathogenicity of the different serovars in field infections is not fully documented, and clinical diagnosis is often limited to a combination of serological tests and molecular analyses. The...

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Main Authors: Tommaso Furlanello, Elisa Mazzotta, Cristina Bertasio, Mario D’Incau, Laura Bellinati, Laura Lucchese, Alda Natale
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-11-01
Series:Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2414-6366/9/12/285
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author Tommaso Furlanello
Elisa Mazzotta
Cristina Bertasio
Mario D’Incau
Laura Bellinati
Laura Lucchese
Alda Natale
author_facet Tommaso Furlanello
Elisa Mazzotta
Cristina Bertasio
Mario D’Incau
Laura Bellinati
Laura Lucchese
Alda Natale
author_sort Tommaso Furlanello
collection DOAJ
description Leptospirosis is a widespread disease throughout the world, presenting in severe clinical forms in dogs. The pathogenicity of the different serovars in field infections is not fully documented, and clinical diagnosis is often limited to a combination of serological tests and molecular analyses. The latter, although a fundamental tool, cannot identify the infecting strain without further analysis. This study reports the use of various indirect (microscopic agglutination test, MAT) and direct (microbiological culture, real-time PCR) laboratory techniques, followed by typing protocols (Multi-locus Sequence Typing (MLST), Multiple Loci Variable number tandem repeat Analysis (MLVA), serotyping) that allowed for the identification of the <i>Leptospira</i> serovar Australis in a symptomatic and previously vaccinated dog (vaccine containing heterologous strains). This study reports long-term clinical follow-up (0–640 days) and describes the possible role of the infection in the development of chronic renal failure. This study aims to highlight how a combination of different techniques can be useful to better characterise the environmental circulation of zoonotic agents. Therefore, the identification and isolation of circulating <i>L.</i> strains would facilitate the updating of epidemiological data, enhance the knowledge of pathogenicity and long-term clinical effects, and provide a valuable resource for improving the efficacy of a specific serovar vaccination.
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spelling doaj-art-a4baa0d66ed44adfb5efb530da5f5cf52024-12-27T14:57:06ZengMDPI AGTropical Medicine and Infectious Disease2414-63662024-11-0191228510.3390/tropicalmed9120285The Challenge of Bacterial Strain Identification: <i>Leptospira interrogans</i> Serovars Australis in a Dog and Long-Term Clinical Follow-UpTommaso Furlanello0Elisa Mazzotta1Cristina Bertasio2Mario D’Incau3Laura Bellinati4Laura Lucchese5Alda Natale6Veterinary Clinic and Laboratory San Marco, Via dell’Industria, 35030 Veggiano, ItalyIstituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie (IZSVe), Viale dell’Università 10, 35020 Legnaro, ItalyNational Reference Centre for Animal Leptospirosis (NRCL), Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna “Bruno Ubertini”, Via Bianchi 7/9, 25121 Brescia, ItalyNational Reference Centre for Animal Leptospirosis (NRCL), Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna “Bruno Ubertini”, Via Bianchi 7/9, 25121 Brescia, ItalyIstituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie (IZSVe), Viale dell’Università 10, 35020 Legnaro, ItalyIstituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie (IZSVe), Viale dell’Università 10, 35020 Legnaro, ItalyIstituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie (IZSVe), Viale dell’Università 10, 35020 Legnaro, ItalyLeptospirosis is a widespread disease throughout the world, presenting in severe clinical forms in dogs. The pathogenicity of the different serovars in field infections is not fully documented, and clinical diagnosis is often limited to a combination of serological tests and molecular analyses. The latter, although a fundamental tool, cannot identify the infecting strain without further analysis. This study reports the use of various indirect (microscopic agglutination test, MAT) and direct (microbiological culture, real-time PCR) laboratory techniques, followed by typing protocols (Multi-locus Sequence Typing (MLST), Multiple Loci Variable number tandem repeat Analysis (MLVA), serotyping) that allowed for the identification of the <i>Leptospira</i> serovar Australis in a symptomatic and previously vaccinated dog (vaccine containing heterologous strains). This study reports long-term clinical follow-up (0–640 days) and describes the possible role of the infection in the development of chronic renal failure. This study aims to highlight how a combination of different techniques can be useful to better characterise the environmental circulation of zoonotic agents. Therefore, the identification and isolation of circulating <i>L.</i> strains would facilitate the updating of epidemiological data, enhance the knowledge of pathogenicity and long-term clinical effects, and provide a valuable resource for improving the efficacy of a specific serovar vaccination.https://www.mdpi.com/2414-6366/9/12/285canine leptospirosischronic kidney disease<i>Leptospira</i> Australissequencinggenotypingserotyping
spellingShingle Tommaso Furlanello
Elisa Mazzotta
Cristina Bertasio
Mario D’Incau
Laura Bellinati
Laura Lucchese
Alda Natale
The Challenge of Bacterial Strain Identification: <i>Leptospira interrogans</i> Serovars Australis in a Dog and Long-Term Clinical Follow-Up
Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease
canine leptospirosis
chronic kidney disease
<i>Leptospira</i> Australis
sequencing
genotyping
serotyping
title The Challenge of Bacterial Strain Identification: <i>Leptospira interrogans</i> Serovars Australis in a Dog and Long-Term Clinical Follow-Up
title_full The Challenge of Bacterial Strain Identification: <i>Leptospira interrogans</i> Serovars Australis in a Dog and Long-Term Clinical Follow-Up
title_fullStr The Challenge of Bacterial Strain Identification: <i>Leptospira interrogans</i> Serovars Australis in a Dog and Long-Term Clinical Follow-Up
title_full_unstemmed The Challenge of Bacterial Strain Identification: <i>Leptospira interrogans</i> Serovars Australis in a Dog and Long-Term Clinical Follow-Up
title_short The Challenge of Bacterial Strain Identification: <i>Leptospira interrogans</i> Serovars Australis in a Dog and Long-Term Clinical Follow-Up
title_sort challenge of bacterial strain identification i leptospira interrogans i serovars australis in a dog and long term clinical follow up
topic canine leptospirosis
chronic kidney disease
<i>Leptospira</i> Australis
sequencing
genotyping
serotyping
url https://www.mdpi.com/2414-6366/9/12/285
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