CAR T cells secreting NGF-neutralizing scFv enhance efficacy in clear cell renal cell carcinoma by relieving immunosuppression through immunosympathectomy

Background Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells have demonstrated remarkable breakthroughs in treating hematologic malignancies, yet their efficacy in solid tumors is limited by the immunosuppressive microenvironment. Sympathetic nerves significantly contribute to this immunosuppressive milieu in...

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Main Authors: Meng Li, Xi Chen, Lan Wang, Peiwei Yang, Fan Yu, Zongke Bai, Hanmei Xu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMJ Publishing Group 2024-12-01
Series:Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer
Online Access:https://jitc.bmj.com/content/12/12/e009910.full
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author Meng Li
Xi Chen
Lan Wang
Peiwei Yang
Fan Yu
Zongke Bai
Hanmei Xu
author_facet Meng Li
Xi Chen
Lan Wang
Peiwei Yang
Fan Yu
Zongke Bai
Hanmei Xu
author_sort Meng Li
collection DOAJ
description Background Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells have demonstrated remarkable breakthroughs in treating hematologic malignancies, yet their efficacy in solid tumors is limited by the immunosuppressive microenvironment. Sympathetic nerves significantly contribute to this immunosuppressive milieu in solid tumors. However, the impact of tumor sympathetic denervation on enhancing CAR T-cell antitumor efficacy remains unclear.Methods We screened for sympathetic gene sets in various types of cancers and investigated the association of sympathetic nerves with immunosuppression in renal clear cell carcinoma. Using antibodies to block the nerve growth factor (NGF) pathway, we explored sympathetic nerve distribution in tumor tissues and tumor progression. Additionally, we engineered CAR T cells to secrete NGF single chain fragment variable (scFv) to achieve tumor immunosympathectomy and assessed their antitumor efficacy. Bulk RNA sequencing and single-cell RNA sequencing analyses were conducted to evaluate changes in immune cell phenotypes within the tumor microenvironment.Results Blocking the NGF pathway with antibodies effectively reduced sympathetic nerve distribution in tumor tissues and delayed tumor progression. CAR T cells engineered to secrete NGF scFv achieved a similar tumor immunosympathectomy and exhibited enhanced tumor suppression. RNA sequencing analyses revealed that this augmented effect was primarily due to the inhibition of the terminal exhaustion phenotype in tumor-infiltrating CD8 T cells and the prevention of macrophage polarization from M1 to M2. This approach maintained a stronger antitumor immune state at the tumor site. Additionally, splenic T cells also exhibited a more potent immune effector phenotype following the infusion of NGF scFv-secreting CAR T cells.Conclusions Our results suggest that immunosympathectomy is a novel approach to weaken tumor microenvironment immunosuppression and synergistically enhance CAR T-cell efficacy against solid tumors.
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spelling doaj-art-a48a1dbd79e741829c2718da7141bc2e2024-12-17T11:35:09ZengBMJ Publishing GroupJournal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer2051-14262024-12-01121210.1136/jitc-2024-009910CAR T cells secreting NGF-neutralizing scFv enhance efficacy in clear cell renal cell carcinoma by relieving immunosuppression through immunosympathectomyMeng Li0Xi Chen1Lan Wang2Peiwei Yang3Fan Yu4Zongke Bai5Hanmei Xu6NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, State Key Laboratory of Drug Regulatory Science, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, ChinaThe Engineering Research Center of Synthetic Polypeptide Drug Discovery and Evaluation, Jiangsu Province, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, ChinaNHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, State Key Laboratory of Drug Regulatory Science, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, ChinaThe Engineering Research Center of Synthetic Polypeptide Drug Discovery and Evaluation, Jiangsu Province, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, ChinaThe Engineering Research Center of Synthetic Polypeptide Drug Discovery and Evaluation, Jiangsu Province, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, ChinaThe Engineering Research Center of Synthetic Polypeptide Drug Discovery and Evaluation, Jiangsu Province, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, ChinaThe Engineering Research Center of Synthetic Polypeptide Drug Discovery and Evaluation, Jiangsu Province, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, ChinaBackground Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells have demonstrated remarkable breakthroughs in treating hematologic malignancies, yet their efficacy in solid tumors is limited by the immunosuppressive microenvironment. Sympathetic nerves significantly contribute to this immunosuppressive milieu in solid tumors. However, the impact of tumor sympathetic denervation on enhancing CAR T-cell antitumor efficacy remains unclear.Methods We screened for sympathetic gene sets in various types of cancers and investigated the association of sympathetic nerves with immunosuppression in renal clear cell carcinoma. Using antibodies to block the nerve growth factor (NGF) pathway, we explored sympathetic nerve distribution in tumor tissues and tumor progression. Additionally, we engineered CAR T cells to secrete NGF single chain fragment variable (scFv) to achieve tumor immunosympathectomy and assessed their antitumor efficacy. Bulk RNA sequencing and single-cell RNA sequencing analyses were conducted to evaluate changes in immune cell phenotypes within the tumor microenvironment.Results Blocking the NGF pathway with antibodies effectively reduced sympathetic nerve distribution in tumor tissues and delayed tumor progression. CAR T cells engineered to secrete NGF scFv achieved a similar tumor immunosympathectomy and exhibited enhanced tumor suppression. RNA sequencing analyses revealed that this augmented effect was primarily due to the inhibition of the terminal exhaustion phenotype in tumor-infiltrating CD8 T cells and the prevention of macrophage polarization from M1 to M2. This approach maintained a stronger antitumor immune state at the tumor site. Additionally, splenic T cells also exhibited a more potent immune effector phenotype following the infusion of NGF scFv-secreting CAR T cells.Conclusions Our results suggest that immunosympathectomy is a novel approach to weaken tumor microenvironment immunosuppression and synergistically enhance CAR T-cell efficacy against solid tumors.https://jitc.bmj.com/content/12/12/e009910.full
spellingShingle Meng Li
Xi Chen
Lan Wang
Peiwei Yang
Fan Yu
Zongke Bai
Hanmei Xu
CAR T cells secreting NGF-neutralizing scFv enhance efficacy in clear cell renal cell carcinoma by relieving immunosuppression through immunosympathectomy
Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer
title CAR T cells secreting NGF-neutralizing scFv enhance efficacy in clear cell renal cell carcinoma by relieving immunosuppression through immunosympathectomy
title_full CAR T cells secreting NGF-neutralizing scFv enhance efficacy in clear cell renal cell carcinoma by relieving immunosuppression through immunosympathectomy
title_fullStr CAR T cells secreting NGF-neutralizing scFv enhance efficacy in clear cell renal cell carcinoma by relieving immunosuppression through immunosympathectomy
title_full_unstemmed CAR T cells secreting NGF-neutralizing scFv enhance efficacy in clear cell renal cell carcinoma by relieving immunosuppression through immunosympathectomy
title_short CAR T cells secreting NGF-neutralizing scFv enhance efficacy in clear cell renal cell carcinoma by relieving immunosuppression through immunosympathectomy
title_sort car t cells secreting ngf neutralizing scfv enhance efficacy in clear cell renal cell carcinoma by relieving immunosuppression through immunosympathectomy
url https://jitc.bmj.com/content/12/12/e009910.full
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