Toxicity of Flonicamid to <i>Diaphorina citri</i> (Hemiptera: Liviidae) and Its Identification and Expression of Kir Channel Genes
Flonicamid is a selective insecticide effective against piercing–sucking insects. Although its molecular target has been identified in other species, the specific effects and detailed mechanism of action in <i>Diaphorina citri</i> Kuwayama remain poorly understood. In this study, we dete...
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2024-11-01
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| author | Jiangyue Zhu Xinjing Wang Yunfei Mo Beibei Wu Tuyong Yi Zhongxia Yang |
| author_facet | Jiangyue Zhu Xinjing Wang Yunfei Mo Beibei Wu Tuyong Yi Zhongxia Yang |
| author_sort | Jiangyue Zhu |
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| description | Flonicamid is a selective insecticide effective against piercing–sucking insects. Although its molecular target has been identified in other species, the specific effects and detailed mechanism of action in <i>Diaphorina citri</i> Kuwayama remain poorly understood. In this study, we determined that the LC<sub>50</sub> of flonicamid for <i>D. citri</i> adults was 16.6 mg AI L<sup>−1</sup> after 4 days of exposure. To explore the relevant mechanisms, the treatments with acetone and with 20 mg AI L<sup>−1</sup> flonicamid for 96 h were collected as samples for RNA-Seq. The analysis of the transcriptomes revealed 345 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in <i>D. citri</i> adults subjected to different treatments. Among these DEGs, we focused on the inward-rectifying potassium (Kir) channel genes, which have been extensively studied as potential targets of flonicamid. Three Kir subunit genes (<i>Dckir1</i>, <i>Dckir2</i>, <i>Dckir3</i>) in <i>D. citri</i> were successfully cloned and identified. Furthermore, the expression profiles of these <i>DcKirs</i> were investigated using RT-qPCR and showed that their expression significantly increased after <i>D. citri</i> eclosion to adulthood, particularly for <i>DcKir3</i>. The <i>DcKirs</i> were predominantly expressed in gut tissues, with <i>DcKir1</i> and <i>DcKir2</i> exhibiting high expression levels in the hindgut and midgut, respectively, while <i>DcKir3</i> showing high expression in the midgut and Malpighian tubules. This study provides insights into the potential roles of Kir subunits in <i>D. citri</i> and enhances our understanding of the physiological effects of flonicamid in this pest. |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Kabale University |
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| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-11-01 |
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| series | Insects |
| spelling | doaj-art-a488466d83024fd1a545681c9edb74642024-11-26T18:07:15ZengMDPI AGInsects2075-44502024-11-01151190010.3390/insects15110900Toxicity of Flonicamid to <i>Diaphorina citri</i> (Hemiptera: Liviidae) and Its Identification and Expression of Kir Channel GenesJiangyue Zhu0Xinjing Wang1Yunfei Mo2Beibei Wu3Tuyong Yi4Zhongxia Yang5Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, ChinaHunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, ChinaHunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, ChinaHunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, ChinaHunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, ChinaHunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, ChinaFlonicamid is a selective insecticide effective against piercing–sucking insects. Although its molecular target has been identified in other species, the specific effects and detailed mechanism of action in <i>Diaphorina citri</i> Kuwayama remain poorly understood. In this study, we determined that the LC<sub>50</sub> of flonicamid for <i>D. citri</i> adults was 16.6 mg AI L<sup>−1</sup> after 4 days of exposure. To explore the relevant mechanisms, the treatments with acetone and with 20 mg AI L<sup>−1</sup> flonicamid for 96 h were collected as samples for RNA-Seq. The analysis of the transcriptomes revealed 345 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in <i>D. citri</i> adults subjected to different treatments. Among these DEGs, we focused on the inward-rectifying potassium (Kir) channel genes, which have been extensively studied as potential targets of flonicamid. Three Kir subunit genes (<i>Dckir1</i>, <i>Dckir2</i>, <i>Dckir3</i>) in <i>D. citri</i> were successfully cloned and identified. Furthermore, the expression profiles of these <i>DcKirs</i> were investigated using RT-qPCR and showed that their expression significantly increased after <i>D. citri</i> eclosion to adulthood, particularly for <i>DcKir3</i>. The <i>DcKirs</i> were predominantly expressed in gut tissues, with <i>DcKir1</i> and <i>DcKir2</i> exhibiting high expression levels in the hindgut and midgut, respectively, while <i>DcKir3</i> showing high expression in the midgut and Malpighian tubules. This study provides insights into the potential roles of Kir subunits in <i>D. citri</i> and enhances our understanding of the physiological effects of flonicamid in this pest.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/15/11/900flonicamid<i>Diaphorina citri</i>transcriptome sequencinginward-rectifying potassium channelRT-qPCR |
| spellingShingle | Jiangyue Zhu Xinjing Wang Yunfei Mo Beibei Wu Tuyong Yi Zhongxia Yang Toxicity of Flonicamid to <i>Diaphorina citri</i> (Hemiptera: Liviidae) and Its Identification and Expression of Kir Channel Genes Insects flonicamid <i>Diaphorina citri</i> transcriptome sequencing inward-rectifying potassium channel RT-qPCR |
| title | Toxicity of Flonicamid to <i>Diaphorina citri</i> (Hemiptera: Liviidae) and Its Identification and Expression of Kir Channel Genes |
| title_full | Toxicity of Flonicamid to <i>Diaphorina citri</i> (Hemiptera: Liviidae) and Its Identification and Expression of Kir Channel Genes |
| title_fullStr | Toxicity of Flonicamid to <i>Diaphorina citri</i> (Hemiptera: Liviidae) and Its Identification and Expression of Kir Channel Genes |
| title_full_unstemmed | Toxicity of Flonicamid to <i>Diaphorina citri</i> (Hemiptera: Liviidae) and Its Identification and Expression of Kir Channel Genes |
| title_short | Toxicity of Flonicamid to <i>Diaphorina citri</i> (Hemiptera: Liviidae) and Its Identification and Expression of Kir Channel Genes |
| title_sort | toxicity of flonicamid to i diaphorina citri i hemiptera liviidae and its identification and expression of kir channel genes |
| topic | flonicamid <i>Diaphorina citri</i> transcriptome sequencing inward-rectifying potassium channel RT-qPCR |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/15/11/900 |
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