Levo-Stepholidine as a Potential Cognitive Enhancer: Insights into Executive Function and Memory Improvements

Background/Objectives: Levo-Stepholidine (<i>l</i>-SPD), a compound extracted from Chinese herbs, has the potential to treat psychotic disorders where cognitive deficits are a critical challenge. <i>L</i>-SPD displays a D1R agonism/D2R antagonism pharmacological profile, and...

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Main Authors: Zhengwei Hu, Xueqing Zhu, Yirui Liang, Yuqiu Zhang, Ping Zheng, Xuehan Zhang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-11-01
Series:Biomedicines
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/12/12/2680
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author Zhengwei Hu
Xueqing Zhu
Yirui Liang
Yuqiu Zhang
Ping Zheng
Xuehan Zhang
author_facet Zhengwei Hu
Xueqing Zhu
Yirui Liang
Yuqiu Zhang
Ping Zheng
Xuehan Zhang
author_sort Zhengwei Hu
collection DOAJ
description Background/Objectives: Levo-Stepholidine (<i>l</i>-SPD), a compound extracted from Chinese herbs, has the potential to treat psychotic disorders where cognitive deficits are a critical challenge. <i>L</i>-SPD displays a D1R agonism/D2R antagonism pharmacological profile, and its effect on cognitive function is still vague and lacks comprehensive study. Here, we investigated the impact of l-SPD on two core indexes of executive function, working memory and response inhibition, and learning and memory. Methods: Using a delayed alternation T-maze task (DAT), we investigated the impact of <i>l</i>-SPD on working memory, evaluated its effect on response inhibition using the stop-signal task (SST), and assessed the impact on learning and memory using trace fear conditioning in Sprague-Dawley rats. We further evaluated its effects on prefrontal glutamate receptor expression using western blot. Results: Rats receiving <i>l</i>-SPD made fewer errors in the T-maze, exhibited faster stop action in response to the stop signal, and showed longer-lasting memory retention. Molecular mechanism investigations reveal that <i>l</i>-SPD upregulates the expression of prefrontal glutamate receptors. These results demonstrate that <i>l</i>-SPD improves executive function and memory. Conclusions: Here, we show the enhancement effect of l-SPD on cognitive function, which provides essential implicants for the treatment of cognitive deficits, which is a critical unmet need in psychiatric care.
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spelling doaj-art-a4657c2c02c54cb1b39ee2504fd749562024-12-27T14:12:30ZengMDPI AGBiomedicines2227-90592024-11-011212268010.3390/biomedicines12122680Levo-Stepholidine as a Potential Cognitive Enhancer: Insights into Executive Function and Memory ImprovementsZhengwei Hu0Xueqing Zhu1Yirui Liang2Yuqiu Zhang3Ping Zheng4Xuehan Zhang5State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, ChinaBackground/Objectives: Levo-Stepholidine (<i>l</i>-SPD), a compound extracted from Chinese herbs, has the potential to treat psychotic disorders where cognitive deficits are a critical challenge. <i>L</i>-SPD displays a D1R agonism/D2R antagonism pharmacological profile, and its effect on cognitive function is still vague and lacks comprehensive study. Here, we investigated the impact of l-SPD on two core indexes of executive function, working memory and response inhibition, and learning and memory. Methods: Using a delayed alternation T-maze task (DAT), we investigated the impact of <i>l</i>-SPD on working memory, evaluated its effect on response inhibition using the stop-signal task (SST), and assessed the impact on learning and memory using trace fear conditioning in Sprague-Dawley rats. We further evaluated its effects on prefrontal glutamate receptor expression using western blot. Results: Rats receiving <i>l</i>-SPD made fewer errors in the T-maze, exhibited faster stop action in response to the stop signal, and showed longer-lasting memory retention. Molecular mechanism investigations reveal that <i>l</i>-SPD upregulates the expression of prefrontal glutamate receptors. These results demonstrate that <i>l</i>-SPD improves executive function and memory. Conclusions: Here, we show the enhancement effect of l-SPD on cognitive function, which provides essential implicants for the treatment of cognitive deficits, which is a critical unmet need in psychiatric care.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/12/12/2680Chinese herbantipsychotic agentsD1 receptor agonistD2 receptor antagonistcognitionexecutive function
spellingShingle Zhengwei Hu
Xueqing Zhu
Yirui Liang
Yuqiu Zhang
Ping Zheng
Xuehan Zhang
Levo-Stepholidine as a Potential Cognitive Enhancer: Insights into Executive Function and Memory Improvements
Biomedicines
Chinese herb
antipsychotic agents
D1 receptor agonist
D2 receptor antagonist
cognition
executive function
title Levo-Stepholidine as a Potential Cognitive Enhancer: Insights into Executive Function and Memory Improvements
title_full Levo-Stepholidine as a Potential Cognitive Enhancer: Insights into Executive Function and Memory Improvements
title_fullStr Levo-Stepholidine as a Potential Cognitive Enhancer: Insights into Executive Function and Memory Improvements
title_full_unstemmed Levo-Stepholidine as a Potential Cognitive Enhancer: Insights into Executive Function and Memory Improvements
title_short Levo-Stepholidine as a Potential Cognitive Enhancer: Insights into Executive Function and Memory Improvements
title_sort levo stepholidine as a potential cognitive enhancer insights into executive function and memory improvements
topic Chinese herb
antipsychotic agents
D1 receptor agonist
D2 receptor antagonist
cognition
executive function
url https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/12/12/2680
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