External Validation of 3 Prediction Models for Mortality in Out‐of‐Hospital Cardiac Arrest Survivors: A Retrospective Multicenter Study

Background Predictive models such as the Cardiac Arrest Survival Score (CASS), FACTOR score, and Survival After ROSC in Cardiac Arrest (SARICA) have been developed to estimate in‐hospital mortality in out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest survivors. This study aims to externally validate and compare their...

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Main Authors: Chun‐Hsiang Huang, Edward Pei‐Chuan Huang, Cheng‐Yi Fan, Yi‐Chien Kuo, Chien‐Tai Huang, Ching‐Yu Chen, Chi‐Hsin Chen, Yi‐Ju Ho, Chun‐Ju Lien, Yun‐Chang Chen, Sih‐Shiang Huang, Tzu‐Hsueh Wang, Wen‐Chu Chiang, Wei‐Tien Chang, Chien‐Hua Huang, Chih‐Wei Sung
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2025-08-01
Series:Journal of the American Heart Association: Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease
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Online Access:https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/JAHA.125.042033
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author Chun‐Hsiang Huang
Edward Pei‐Chuan Huang
Cheng‐Yi Fan
Yi‐Chien Kuo
Chien‐Tai Huang
Ching‐Yu Chen
Chi‐Hsin Chen
Yi‐Ju Ho
Chun‐Ju Lien
Yun‐Chang Chen
Sih‐Shiang Huang
Tzu‐Hsueh Wang
Wen‐Chu Chiang
Wei‐Tien Chang
Chien‐Hua Huang
Chih‐Wei Sung
author_facet Chun‐Hsiang Huang
Edward Pei‐Chuan Huang
Cheng‐Yi Fan
Yi‐Chien Kuo
Chien‐Tai Huang
Ching‐Yu Chen
Chi‐Hsin Chen
Yi‐Ju Ho
Chun‐Ju Lien
Yun‐Chang Chen
Sih‐Shiang Huang
Tzu‐Hsueh Wang
Wen‐Chu Chiang
Wei‐Tien Chang
Chien‐Hua Huang
Chih‐Wei Sung
author_sort Chun‐Hsiang Huang
collection DOAJ
description Background Predictive models such as the Cardiac Arrest Survival Score (CASS), FACTOR score, and Survival After ROSC in Cardiac Arrest (SARICA) have been developed to estimate in‐hospital mortality in out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest survivors. This study aims to externally validate and compare their predictive performance to determine their clinical utility upon emergency department admission. Methods This retrospective multicenter cohort study included out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest patients admitted to the National Taiwan University Hospital and its branches between January 2016 and March 2024. The outcome was in‐hospital mortality following intensive care unit admission. We assessed the CASS, FACTOR, and a modified SARICA (mSARICA) score using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value. The SARICA score was adapted into the mSARICA score to ensure outcome consistency. The positive predictive value threshold was set at 0.85 to minimize false‐positive predictions. Results The study included 1456 patients, of whom 495 (34%) survived to discharge and 961 (66%) died before discharge. The area under the receiver operating characteristics for CASS, FACTOR, and mSARICA were 0.684 (95% CI, 0.654–0.713), 0.677 (95% CI, 0.647–0.706), and 0.711 (95% CI, 0.682–0.739), respectively, with no significant differences among them. The optimal cutoff values were >17.5 for CASS, ≥69.25 for FACTOR, and <1.0 for mSARICA. While CASS and FACTOR demonstrated similar sensitivity, specificity, and negative predictive value, mSARICA exhibited significantly higher sensitivity, lower specificity, and higher negative predictive value. Conclusions All scores demonstrated fair but not excellent discrimination for in‐hospital mortality. When minimizing false positives is critical, CASS and FACTOR may be preferable, whereas mSARICA offers greater sensitivity.
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spelling doaj-art-a3e520d1a2cc4bd8bb43aaaeeb9935132025-08-20T07:25:01ZengWileyJournal of the American Heart Association: Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease2047-99802025-08-01141610.1161/JAHA.125.042033External Validation of 3 Prediction Models for Mortality in Out‐of‐Hospital Cardiac Arrest Survivors: A Retrospective Multicenter StudyChun‐Hsiang Huang0Edward Pei‐Chuan Huang1Cheng‐Yi Fan2Yi‐Chien Kuo3Chien‐Tai Huang4Ching‐Yu Chen5Chi‐Hsin Chen6Yi‐Ju Ho7Chun‐Ju Lien8Yun‐Chang Chen9Sih‐Shiang Huang10Tzu‐Hsueh Wang11Wen‐Chu Chiang12Wei‐Tien Chang13Chien‐Hua Huang14Chih‐Wei Sung15Department of Emergency Medicine National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin‐Chu Branch Hsinchu TaiwanDepartment of Emergency Medicine National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin‐Chu Branch Hsinchu TaiwanDepartment of Emergency Medicine National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin‐Chu Branch Hsinchu TaiwanDepartment of Emergency Medicine National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin‐Chu Branch Hsinchu TaiwanDepartment of Emergency Medicine National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin‐Chu Branch Hsinchu TaiwanDepartment of Emergency Medicine National Taiwan University Hospital Yun‐Lin Branch Yunlin TaiwanDepartment of Emergency Medicine National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin‐Chu Branch Hsinchu TaiwanDepartment of Emergency Medicine National Taiwan University Hospital Taipei TaiwanDepartment of Emergency Medicine National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin‐Chu Branch Hsinchu TaiwanDepartment of Emergency Medicine National Taiwan University Hospital Yun‐Lin Branch Yunlin TaiwanDepartment of Emergency Medicine National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin‐Chu Branch Hsinchu TaiwanDepartment of Emergency Medicine National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin‐Chu Branch Hsinchu TaiwanDepartment of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine National Taiwan University Taipei TaiwanDepartment of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine National Taiwan University Taipei TaiwanDepartment of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine National Taiwan University Taipei TaiwanDepartment of Emergency Medicine National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin‐Chu Branch Hsinchu TaiwanBackground Predictive models such as the Cardiac Arrest Survival Score (CASS), FACTOR score, and Survival After ROSC in Cardiac Arrest (SARICA) have been developed to estimate in‐hospital mortality in out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest survivors. This study aims to externally validate and compare their predictive performance to determine their clinical utility upon emergency department admission. Methods This retrospective multicenter cohort study included out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest patients admitted to the National Taiwan University Hospital and its branches between January 2016 and March 2024. The outcome was in‐hospital mortality following intensive care unit admission. We assessed the CASS, FACTOR, and a modified SARICA (mSARICA) score using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value. The SARICA score was adapted into the mSARICA score to ensure outcome consistency. The positive predictive value threshold was set at 0.85 to minimize false‐positive predictions. Results The study included 1456 patients, of whom 495 (34%) survived to discharge and 961 (66%) died before discharge. The area under the receiver operating characteristics for CASS, FACTOR, and mSARICA were 0.684 (95% CI, 0.654–0.713), 0.677 (95% CI, 0.647–0.706), and 0.711 (95% CI, 0.682–0.739), respectively, with no significant differences among them. The optimal cutoff values were >17.5 for CASS, ≥69.25 for FACTOR, and <1.0 for mSARICA. While CASS and FACTOR demonstrated similar sensitivity, specificity, and negative predictive value, mSARICA exhibited significantly higher sensitivity, lower specificity, and higher negative predictive value. Conclusions All scores demonstrated fair but not excellent discrimination for in‐hospital mortality. When minimizing false positives is critical, CASS and FACTOR may be preferable, whereas mSARICA offers greater sensitivity.https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/JAHA.125.042033external validationin‐hospital mortalityout‐of‐hospital cardiac arrestpredictive modelsrisk stratification
spellingShingle Chun‐Hsiang Huang
Edward Pei‐Chuan Huang
Cheng‐Yi Fan
Yi‐Chien Kuo
Chien‐Tai Huang
Ching‐Yu Chen
Chi‐Hsin Chen
Yi‐Ju Ho
Chun‐Ju Lien
Yun‐Chang Chen
Sih‐Shiang Huang
Tzu‐Hsueh Wang
Wen‐Chu Chiang
Wei‐Tien Chang
Chien‐Hua Huang
Chih‐Wei Sung
External Validation of 3 Prediction Models for Mortality in Out‐of‐Hospital Cardiac Arrest Survivors: A Retrospective Multicenter Study
Journal of the American Heart Association: Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease
external validation
in‐hospital mortality
out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest
predictive models
risk stratification
title External Validation of 3 Prediction Models for Mortality in Out‐of‐Hospital Cardiac Arrest Survivors: A Retrospective Multicenter Study
title_full External Validation of 3 Prediction Models for Mortality in Out‐of‐Hospital Cardiac Arrest Survivors: A Retrospective Multicenter Study
title_fullStr External Validation of 3 Prediction Models for Mortality in Out‐of‐Hospital Cardiac Arrest Survivors: A Retrospective Multicenter Study
title_full_unstemmed External Validation of 3 Prediction Models for Mortality in Out‐of‐Hospital Cardiac Arrest Survivors: A Retrospective Multicenter Study
title_short External Validation of 3 Prediction Models for Mortality in Out‐of‐Hospital Cardiac Arrest Survivors: A Retrospective Multicenter Study
title_sort external validation of 3 prediction models for mortality in out of hospital cardiac arrest survivors a retrospective multicenter study
topic external validation
in‐hospital mortality
out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest
predictive models
risk stratification
url https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/JAHA.125.042033
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