Using Machine Learning to Predict Outcomes Following Transfemoral Carotid Artery Stenting

Background Transfemoral carotid artery stenting (TFCAS) carries important perioperative risks. Outcome prediction tools may help guide clinical decision‐making but remain limited. We developed machine learning algorithms that predict 1‐year stroke or death following TFCAS. Methods and Results The VQ...

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Main Authors: Ben Li, Naomi Eisenberg, Derek Beaton, Douglas S. Lee, Leen Al‐Omran, Duminda N. Wijeysundera, Mohamad A. Hussain, Ori D. Rotstein, Charles de Mestral, Muhammad Mamdani, Graham Roche‐Nagle, Mohammed Al‐Omran
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2024-09-01
Series:Journal of the American Heart Association: Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease
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Online Access:https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/JAHA.124.035425
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author Ben Li
Naomi Eisenberg
Derek Beaton
Douglas S. Lee
Leen Al‐Omran
Duminda N. Wijeysundera
Mohamad A. Hussain
Ori D. Rotstein
Charles de Mestral
Muhammad Mamdani
Graham Roche‐Nagle
Mohammed Al‐Omran
author_facet Ben Li
Naomi Eisenberg
Derek Beaton
Douglas S. Lee
Leen Al‐Omran
Duminda N. Wijeysundera
Mohamad A. Hussain
Ori D. Rotstein
Charles de Mestral
Muhammad Mamdani
Graham Roche‐Nagle
Mohammed Al‐Omran
author_sort Ben Li
collection DOAJ
description Background Transfemoral carotid artery stenting (TFCAS) carries important perioperative risks. Outcome prediction tools may help guide clinical decision‐making but remain limited. We developed machine learning algorithms that predict 1‐year stroke or death following TFCAS. Methods and Results The VQI (Vascular Quality Initiative) database was used to identify patients who underwent TFCAS for carotid artery stenosis between 2005 and 2024. We identified 112 features from the index hospitalization (82 preoperative [demographic/clinical], 13 intraoperative [procedural], and 17 postoperative [in‐hospital course/complications]). The primary outcome was 1‐year postprocedural stroke or death. The data were divided into training (70%) and test (30%) sets. Six machine learning models were trained using preoperative features with 10‐fold cross‐validation. The primary model evaluation metric was area under the receiver operating characteristic curve. The algorithm with the best performance was further trained using intra‐ and postoperative features. Model robustness was assessed using calibration plots and Brier scores. Overall, 35 214 patients underwent TFCAS during the study period and 3257 (9.2%) developed 1‐year stroke or death. The best preoperative prediction model was extreme gradient boosting, achieving an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.94 (95% CI, 0.93–0.95). In comparison, logistic regression had an AUROC of 0.65 (95% CI, 0.63–0.67). The extreme gradient boosting model maintained excellent performance at the intra‐ and postoperative stages, with area under the receiver operating characteristic curve values of 0.94 (95% CI, 0.93–0.95) and 0.98 (95% CI, 0.97–0.99), respectively. Calibration plots showed good agreement between predicted/observed event probabilities with Brier scores of 0.11 (preoperative), 0.11 (intraoperative), and 0.09 (postoperative). Conclusions Machine learning can accurately predict 1‐year stroke or death following TFCAS, performing better than logistic regression.
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spelling doaj-art-a397c931857b4a9ea46f68b740f07f3d2024-11-28T12:39:45ZengWileyJournal of the American Heart Association: Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease2047-99802024-09-01131710.1161/JAHA.124.035425Using Machine Learning to Predict Outcomes Following Transfemoral Carotid Artery StentingBen Li0Naomi Eisenberg1Derek Beaton2Douglas S. Lee3Leen Al‐Omran4Duminda N. Wijeysundera5Mohamad A. Hussain6Ori D. Rotstein7Charles de Mestral8Muhammad Mamdani9Graham Roche‐Nagle10Mohammed Al‐Omran11Department of Surgery University of Toronto Ontario CanadaDivision of Vascular Surgery, Peter Munk Cardiac Centre University Health Network Toronto Ontario CanadaData Science & Advanced Analytics, Unity Health Toronto University of Toronto Ontario CanadaDivision of Cardiology, Peter Munk Cardiac Centre University Health Network Toronto Ontario CanadaSchool of Medicine Alfaisal University Riyadh Saudi ArabiaInstitute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto Ontario CanadaDivision of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery and the Center for Surgery and Public Health Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School Boston MA USADepartment of Surgery University of Toronto Ontario CanadaDepartment of Surgery University of Toronto Ontario CanadaInstitute of Medical Science, University of Toronto Ontario CanadaDepartment of Surgery University of Toronto Ontario CanadaDepartment of Surgery University of Toronto Ontario CanadaBackground Transfemoral carotid artery stenting (TFCAS) carries important perioperative risks. Outcome prediction tools may help guide clinical decision‐making but remain limited. We developed machine learning algorithms that predict 1‐year stroke or death following TFCAS. Methods and Results The VQI (Vascular Quality Initiative) database was used to identify patients who underwent TFCAS for carotid artery stenosis between 2005 and 2024. We identified 112 features from the index hospitalization (82 preoperative [demographic/clinical], 13 intraoperative [procedural], and 17 postoperative [in‐hospital course/complications]). The primary outcome was 1‐year postprocedural stroke or death. The data were divided into training (70%) and test (30%) sets. Six machine learning models were trained using preoperative features with 10‐fold cross‐validation. The primary model evaluation metric was area under the receiver operating characteristic curve. The algorithm with the best performance was further trained using intra‐ and postoperative features. Model robustness was assessed using calibration plots and Brier scores. Overall, 35 214 patients underwent TFCAS during the study period and 3257 (9.2%) developed 1‐year stroke or death. The best preoperative prediction model was extreme gradient boosting, achieving an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.94 (95% CI, 0.93–0.95). In comparison, logistic regression had an AUROC of 0.65 (95% CI, 0.63–0.67). The extreme gradient boosting model maintained excellent performance at the intra‐ and postoperative stages, with area under the receiver operating characteristic curve values of 0.94 (95% CI, 0.93–0.95) and 0.98 (95% CI, 0.97–0.99), respectively. Calibration plots showed good agreement between predicted/observed event probabilities with Brier scores of 0.11 (preoperative), 0.11 (intraoperative), and 0.09 (postoperative). Conclusions Machine learning can accurately predict 1‐year stroke or death following TFCAS, performing better than logistic regression.https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/JAHA.124.035425deathmachine learningpredictionstroketransfemoral carotid artery stenting
spellingShingle Ben Li
Naomi Eisenberg
Derek Beaton
Douglas S. Lee
Leen Al‐Omran
Duminda N. Wijeysundera
Mohamad A. Hussain
Ori D. Rotstein
Charles de Mestral
Muhammad Mamdani
Graham Roche‐Nagle
Mohammed Al‐Omran
Using Machine Learning to Predict Outcomes Following Transfemoral Carotid Artery Stenting
Journal of the American Heart Association: Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease
death
machine learning
prediction
stroke
transfemoral carotid artery stenting
title Using Machine Learning to Predict Outcomes Following Transfemoral Carotid Artery Stenting
title_full Using Machine Learning to Predict Outcomes Following Transfemoral Carotid Artery Stenting
title_fullStr Using Machine Learning to Predict Outcomes Following Transfemoral Carotid Artery Stenting
title_full_unstemmed Using Machine Learning to Predict Outcomes Following Transfemoral Carotid Artery Stenting
title_short Using Machine Learning to Predict Outcomes Following Transfemoral Carotid Artery Stenting
title_sort using machine learning to predict outcomes following transfemoral carotid artery stenting
topic death
machine learning
prediction
stroke
transfemoral carotid artery stenting
url https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/JAHA.124.035425
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