<i>FMR1</i> Disorders: Basics of Biology and Therapeutics in Development

Fragile X Syndrome (FXS) presents with a constellation of phenotypes, including trouble regulating emotion and aggressive behaviors, disordered sleep, intellectual impairments, and atypical physical development. Genetic study of the X chromosome revealed that substantial repeat expansion of the 5′ e...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Drew A. Gillett, Helene Tigro, Yuan Wang, Zucai Suo
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-12-01
Series:Cells
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/13/24/2100
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Summary:Fragile X Syndrome (FXS) presents with a constellation of phenotypes, including trouble regulating emotion and aggressive behaviors, disordered sleep, intellectual impairments, and atypical physical development. Genetic study of the X chromosome revealed that substantial repeat expansion of the 5′ end of the gene fragile X messenger ribonucleoprotein 1 (<i>FMR1</i>) promoted DNA methylation and, consequently, silenced expression of <i>FMR1</i>. Further analysis proved that shorter repeat expansions in <i>FMR1</i> also manifested in disease at later stages in life. Treatment and therapy options do exist, but they only manage symptoms. Up to now, no cure for <i>FMR1</i> disorders exists. In this review, we aim to provide an overview of <i>FMR1</i> biology and the latest research focused on developing therapeutic interventions that can potentially prevent and/or reverse FXS.
ISSN:2073-4409