Investigating Tropical Cyclone Warm Core and Boundary Layer Structures with Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate 2 Radio Occultation Data

The Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate 2 (COSMIC-2) collects data covering latitudes primarily between 40 degrees north and south, providing abundant data for tropical cyclone (TC) research. The radio occultation data provide valuable information on the boundary...

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Main Authors: Xiaoxu Qi, Shengpeng Yang, Li He
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-11-01
Series:Remote Sensing
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/22/4257
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author Xiaoxu Qi
Shengpeng Yang
Li He
author_facet Xiaoxu Qi
Shengpeng Yang
Li He
author_sort Xiaoxu Qi
collection DOAJ
description The Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate 2 (COSMIC-2) collects data covering latitudes primarily between 40 degrees north and south, providing abundant data for tropical cyclone (TC) research. The radio occultation data provide valuable information on the boundary layer. However, quality control of the data within the boundary layer remains a challenging issue. The aim of this study is to obtain a more accurate COSMIC-2 radio occultation (RO) dataset through quality control (QC) and use this dataset to validate warm core structures and explore the planetary boundary layer (PBL) structures of TCs. In this study, COSMIC-2 data are used to analyze the distribution of the relative local spectral width (LSW) and the confidence parameter characterizing the random error of the bending angle. An LSW less than 20% is set as a data QC threshold, and the warm core and PBL composite structures of TCs at three intensities in the Northwest Pacific Ocean are investigated. We reproduce the warm core intensity and warm core height characteristics of TCs. In the radial direction of the typhoon eyewall, the impact height of the PBL increases from 3.45 km to 4 km, with the tropopause ranging from 160 hPa to 100 hPa. At the bottom of the troposphere, the variations in the positive and negative bias between the RO-detected and background field bending angles correspond well to the PBL heights, and the variations in the positive bias between the RO-detected and background field refractivity reach 14%. This research provides an effective QC method and reveals that the bending angle is sensitive to the PBL height.
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spelling doaj-art-a319b65ce9f44e07b78238ea0a4430c32024-11-26T18:20:11ZengMDPI AGRemote Sensing2072-42922024-11-011622425710.3390/rs16224257Investigating Tropical Cyclone Warm Core and Boundary Layer Structures with Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate 2 Radio Occultation DataXiaoxu Qi0Shengpeng Yang1Li He2Joint Center of Data Assimilation for Research and Application, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, ChinaJoint Center of Data Assimilation for Research and Application, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, ChinaLaboratory of Beibu Gulf National Climate Observatory, Guangxi Research Institute of Meteorological Science, Nanning 530022, ChinaThe Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate 2 (COSMIC-2) collects data covering latitudes primarily between 40 degrees north and south, providing abundant data for tropical cyclone (TC) research. The radio occultation data provide valuable information on the boundary layer. However, quality control of the data within the boundary layer remains a challenging issue. The aim of this study is to obtain a more accurate COSMIC-2 radio occultation (RO) dataset through quality control (QC) and use this dataset to validate warm core structures and explore the planetary boundary layer (PBL) structures of TCs. In this study, COSMIC-2 data are used to analyze the distribution of the relative local spectral width (LSW) and the confidence parameter characterizing the random error of the bending angle. An LSW less than 20% is set as a data QC threshold, and the warm core and PBL composite structures of TCs at three intensities in the Northwest Pacific Ocean are investigated. We reproduce the warm core intensity and warm core height characteristics of TCs. In the radial direction of the typhoon eyewall, the impact height of the PBL increases from 3.45 km to 4 km, with the tropopause ranging from 160 hPa to 100 hPa. At the bottom of the troposphere, the variations in the positive and negative bias between the RO-detected and background field bending angles correspond well to the PBL heights, and the variations in the positive bias between the RO-detected and background field refractivity reach 14%. This research provides an effective QC method and reveals that the bending angle is sensitive to the PBL height.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/22/4257GNSS radio occultationbending anglelocal spectral widthtropical cyclone
spellingShingle Xiaoxu Qi
Shengpeng Yang
Li He
Investigating Tropical Cyclone Warm Core and Boundary Layer Structures with Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate 2 Radio Occultation Data
Remote Sensing
GNSS radio occultation
bending angle
local spectral width
tropical cyclone
title Investigating Tropical Cyclone Warm Core and Boundary Layer Structures with Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate 2 Radio Occultation Data
title_full Investigating Tropical Cyclone Warm Core and Boundary Layer Structures with Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate 2 Radio Occultation Data
title_fullStr Investigating Tropical Cyclone Warm Core and Boundary Layer Structures with Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate 2 Radio Occultation Data
title_full_unstemmed Investigating Tropical Cyclone Warm Core and Boundary Layer Structures with Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate 2 Radio Occultation Data
title_short Investigating Tropical Cyclone Warm Core and Boundary Layer Structures with Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate 2 Radio Occultation Data
title_sort investigating tropical cyclone warm core and boundary layer structures with constellation observing system for meteorology ionosphere and climate 2 radio occultation data
topic GNSS radio occultation
bending angle
local spectral width
tropical cyclone
url https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/22/4257
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AT shengpengyang investigatingtropicalcyclonewarmcoreandboundarylayerstructureswithconstellationobservingsystemformeteorologyionosphereandclimate2radiooccultationdata
AT lihe investigatingtropicalcyclonewarmcoreandboundarylayerstructureswithconstellationobservingsystemformeteorologyionosphereandclimate2radiooccultationdata