Study of Physiological Adaptations in Vertical Kilometer Runners: Focus on Cardiorespiratory and Local Muscle Demands
<b>Background:</b> Research into key performance factors in trail running, particularly in vertical kilometer (VK) races, is crucial for effective training and periodization. However, recent studies on metabolic and cardiorespiratory responses during VK races, especially using field test...
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MDPI AG
2024-11-01
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| Series: | Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2411-5142/9/4/230 |
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| author | Pablo Jesús Bascuas Héctor Gutiérrez Eduardo Piedrafita Ana Vanessa Bataller-Cervero César Berzosa |
| author_facet | Pablo Jesús Bascuas Héctor Gutiérrez Eduardo Piedrafita Ana Vanessa Bataller-Cervero César Berzosa |
| author_sort | Pablo Jesús Bascuas |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <b>Background:</b> Research into key performance factors in trail running, particularly in vertical kilometer (VK) races, is crucial for effective training and periodization. However, recent studies on metabolic and cardiorespiratory responses during VK races, especially using field tests, are limited. <b>Objectives:</b> Therefore, the aim of this study is to evaluate the metabolic and cardiorespiratory responses during a VK field test, identifying differences based on sex and performance level, as well as key performance factors and their deterioration due to fatigue. Fifteen trained trail runners (ten males and five females, 19 to 38 years old) perform a VK race. <b>Methods:</b> The global physiological response is evaluated using the portable gas analyzer Cosmed K5 and the local response using near-infrared spectroscopy technology. <b>Results</b>: In gender comparisons, the ANCOVA test shows significant differences (<i>p</i> < 0.05) in the ventilation, tidal volume, expiratory time-to-inspiratory time ratio, inspiratory flow rate, end-tidal CO<sub>2</sub> partial pressure, heart rate, oxygen pulse, and total hemoglobin. Additionally, the performance comparison reveals significant differences in the variables’ velocity, oxygen consumption, carbon dioxide production, ventilation, dead space-to-tidal volume ratio, total time of the breathing cycle, expiratory time-to-inspiratory time ratio, inspiratory duty cycle, expiratory fractions of CO<sub>2</sub>, quadriceps saturation index, and VE/VCO<sub>2</sub> ratio. Finally, the correlation analysis shows oxygen consumption (r = −0.80 mean; r = −0.72 peak), carbon dioxide production (r = −0.91 mean; r = −0.75 peak), expiratory time-to-inspiratory time ratio (r = 0.68 peak), ventilation (r = −0.58 mean), and quadriceps saturation index (r = 0.54 mean; r = −0.76 coefficient of variation) as the key performance factors in the VK race. <b>Conclusions:</b> Overall, the physiological analysis indicates the importance of local muscular adaptations and respiratory system capacity in this type of short-duration race. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-a2b932b9857f4bdfb6e39e9d0827661b |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2411-5142 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-11-01 |
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| series | Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology |
| spelling | doaj-art-a2b932b9857f4bdfb6e39e9d0827661b2024-12-27T14:32:20ZengMDPI AGJournal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology2411-51422024-11-019423010.3390/jfmk9040230Study of Physiological Adaptations in Vertical Kilometer Runners: Focus on Cardiorespiratory and Local Muscle DemandsPablo Jesús Bascuas0Héctor Gutiérrez1Eduardo Piedrafita2Ana Vanessa Bataller-Cervero3César Berzosa4Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad San Jorge, Autov. A-23 Zaragoza-Huesca, KM 299, 50830 Villanueva de Gállego, Zaragoza, SpainFacultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad San Jorge, Autov. A-23 Zaragoza-Huesca, KM 299, 50830 Villanueva de Gállego, Zaragoza, SpainFacultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad San Jorge, Autov. A-23 Zaragoza-Huesca, KM 299, 50830 Villanueva de Gállego, Zaragoza, SpainFacultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad San Jorge, Autov. A-23 Zaragoza-Huesca, KM 299, 50830 Villanueva de Gállego, Zaragoza, SpainFacultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad San Jorge, Autov. A-23 Zaragoza-Huesca, KM 299, 50830 Villanueva de Gállego, Zaragoza, Spain<b>Background:</b> Research into key performance factors in trail running, particularly in vertical kilometer (VK) races, is crucial for effective training and periodization. However, recent studies on metabolic and cardiorespiratory responses during VK races, especially using field tests, are limited. <b>Objectives:</b> Therefore, the aim of this study is to evaluate the metabolic and cardiorespiratory responses during a VK field test, identifying differences based on sex and performance level, as well as key performance factors and their deterioration due to fatigue. Fifteen trained trail runners (ten males and five females, 19 to 38 years old) perform a VK race. <b>Methods:</b> The global physiological response is evaluated using the portable gas analyzer Cosmed K5 and the local response using near-infrared spectroscopy technology. <b>Results</b>: In gender comparisons, the ANCOVA test shows significant differences (<i>p</i> < 0.05) in the ventilation, tidal volume, expiratory time-to-inspiratory time ratio, inspiratory flow rate, end-tidal CO<sub>2</sub> partial pressure, heart rate, oxygen pulse, and total hemoglobin. Additionally, the performance comparison reveals significant differences in the variables’ velocity, oxygen consumption, carbon dioxide production, ventilation, dead space-to-tidal volume ratio, total time of the breathing cycle, expiratory time-to-inspiratory time ratio, inspiratory duty cycle, expiratory fractions of CO<sub>2</sub>, quadriceps saturation index, and VE/VCO<sub>2</sub> ratio. Finally, the correlation analysis shows oxygen consumption (r = −0.80 mean; r = −0.72 peak), carbon dioxide production (r = −0.91 mean; r = −0.75 peak), expiratory time-to-inspiratory time ratio (r = 0.68 peak), ventilation (r = −0.58 mean), and quadriceps saturation index (r = 0.54 mean; r = −0.76 coefficient of variation) as the key performance factors in the VK race. <b>Conclusions:</b> Overall, the physiological analysis indicates the importance of local muscular adaptations and respiratory system capacity in this type of short-duration race.https://www.mdpi.com/2411-5142/9/4/230field testsphysiological assessmentsport performanceportable devicestrail running |
| spellingShingle | Pablo Jesús Bascuas Héctor Gutiérrez Eduardo Piedrafita Ana Vanessa Bataller-Cervero César Berzosa Study of Physiological Adaptations in Vertical Kilometer Runners: Focus on Cardiorespiratory and Local Muscle Demands Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology field tests physiological assessment sport performance portable devices trail running |
| title | Study of Physiological Adaptations in Vertical Kilometer Runners: Focus on Cardiorespiratory and Local Muscle Demands |
| title_full | Study of Physiological Adaptations in Vertical Kilometer Runners: Focus on Cardiorespiratory and Local Muscle Demands |
| title_fullStr | Study of Physiological Adaptations in Vertical Kilometer Runners: Focus on Cardiorespiratory and Local Muscle Demands |
| title_full_unstemmed | Study of Physiological Adaptations in Vertical Kilometer Runners: Focus on Cardiorespiratory and Local Muscle Demands |
| title_short | Study of Physiological Adaptations in Vertical Kilometer Runners: Focus on Cardiorespiratory and Local Muscle Demands |
| title_sort | study of physiological adaptations in vertical kilometer runners focus on cardiorespiratory and local muscle demands |
| topic | field tests physiological assessment sport performance portable devices trail running |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2411-5142/9/4/230 |
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