Derivation of the GKP-Witten relation by symmetry without Lagrangian

We derive the GKP-Witten relation in terms of correlation functions by symmetry without referring to a Lagrangian or the large N expansion. By constructing bulk operators from boundary operators in conformal field theory (CFT) by the conformal smearing, we first determine bulk-boundary 2-pt function...

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Main Authors: Sinya Aoki, Janos Balog, Kengo Shimada
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-09-01
Series:Physics Letters B
Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0370269325005180
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author Sinya Aoki
Janos Balog
Kengo Shimada
author_facet Sinya Aoki
Janos Balog
Kengo Shimada
author_sort Sinya Aoki
collection DOAJ
description We derive the GKP-Witten relation in terms of correlation functions by symmetry without referring to a Lagrangian or the large N expansion. By constructing bulk operators from boundary operators in conformal field theory (CFT) by the conformal smearing, we first determine bulk-boundary 2-pt functions for an arbitrary spin using both conformal and bulk symmetries, then evaluate their small z behaviors, where z is the (d+1)-th coordinate in the bulk. Next, we explicitly determine small z behaviors of bulk-boundary-boundary 3-pt functions also by the symmetries, while small z behaviors of correlation functions among one bulk and n boundary operators with n≥3 are fixed by the operator product expansion (OPE). Combining all results, we construct the GKP-Witten relation in terms of these correlation functions at all orders in an external source J. We compare our non-Lagrangian approach with the standard approach employing the bulk action. Our results indicate that the GKP-Witten relation holds not only for holographic CFTs but also for generic CFTs as long as certain conditions are satisfied.
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spelling doaj-art-a25e729fe67b4a26a47428733b19a80a2025-08-20T03:58:40ZengElsevierPhysics Letters B0370-26932025-09-0186813975710.1016/j.physletb.2025.139757Derivation of the GKP-Witten relation by symmetry without LagrangianSinya Aoki0Janos Balog1Kengo Shimada2Center for Gravitational Physics and Quantum Information, Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan; Corresponding author.Holographic QFT Group, Institute for Particle and Nuclear Physics, Wigner Research Centre for Physics, H-1525 Budapest 114, P.O.B. 49, HungaryCenter for Gravitational Physics and Quantum Information, Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, JapanWe derive the GKP-Witten relation in terms of correlation functions by symmetry without referring to a Lagrangian or the large N expansion. By constructing bulk operators from boundary operators in conformal field theory (CFT) by the conformal smearing, we first determine bulk-boundary 2-pt functions for an arbitrary spin using both conformal and bulk symmetries, then evaluate their small z behaviors, where z is the (d+1)-th coordinate in the bulk. Next, we explicitly determine small z behaviors of bulk-boundary-boundary 3-pt functions also by the symmetries, while small z behaviors of correlation functions among one bulk and n boundary operators with n≥3 are fixed by the operator product expansion (OPE). Combining all results, we construct the GKP-Witten relation in terms of these correlation functions at all orders in an external source J. We compare our non-Lagrangian approach with the standard approach employing the bulk action. Our results indicate that the GKP-Witten relation holds not only for holographic CFTs but also for generic CFTs as long as certain conditions are satisfied.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0370269325005180
spellingShingle Sinya Aoki
Janos Balog
Kengo Shimada
Derivation of the GKP-Witten relation by symmetry without Lagrangian
Physics Letters B
title Derivation of the GKP-Witten relation by symmetry without Lagrangian
title_full Derivation of the GKP-Witten relation by symmetry without Lagrangian
title_fullStr Derivation of the GKP-Witten relation by symmetry without Lagrangian
title_full_unstemmed Derivation of the GKP-Witten relation by symmetry without Lagrangian
title_short Derivation of the GKP-Witten relation by symmetry without Lagrangian
title_sort derivation of the gkp witten relation by symmetry without lagrangian
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0370269325005180
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AT janosbalog derivationofthegkpwittenrelationbysymmetrywithoutlagrangian
AT kengoshimada derivationofthegkpwittenrelationbysymmetrywithoutlagrangian