Usage of an App-Based Addiction Prevention Program for German Vocational Students: Secondary Analysis of Data From a Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial

Abstract BackgroundDigital interventions have been successfully used to address addictive behaviors in adolescents and young adults. However, maintaining consistent usage remains a challenge. There is limited evidence on the determinants of usage with multiple behavioral inter...

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Main Authors: Diana Guertler, Anne Möhring, Dominic Bläsing, Christian Meyer, Hannah Schmidt, Florian Rehbein, Merten Neumann, Arne Dreißigacker, Anja Bischof, Gallus Bischof, Svenja Sürig, Lisa Hohls, Susanne Wurm, Stefan Borgwardt, Severin Haug, Hans-Jürgen Rumpf
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: JMIR Publications 2025-07-01
Series:Journal of Medical Internet Research
Online Access:https://www.jmir.org/2025/1/e68754
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Summary:Abstract BackgroundDigital interventions have been successfully used to address addictive behaviors in adolescents and young adults. However, maintaining consistent usage remains a challenge. There is limited evidence on the determinants of usage with multiple behavioral interventions among vocational students. ObjectiveThis paper aims to describe how vocational school students used the app-based addiction prevention program “ready4life” and to analyze student characteristics as potential determinants of intervention usage. MethodsA 2-arm cluster randomized trial evaluated “ready4life” among German vocational students aged ≥16 years. After downloading the app during class, students completed an anonymous screening and received individual risks and competencies feedback. Intervention participants (n=1286) received 4 months of individual app-based coaching, with weekly chat contacts with a conversational agent. They were asked to choose 2 of 6 modules: alcohol, tobacco, cannabis, social media and gaming, stress, and social competencies that were delivered sequentially in a random order. In addition to the weekly chats, users could self-initiate chat dialogues at any time. Chats included media (videos, images, or links), quizzes, and contests. Control participants (n=1282) received a link to health behavior information and could access coaching after 12 months. ResultsUsage was low among intervention participants who received their assigned intervention (n=1266; females n=569, 44.9%; mean age 19.53, SD 3.57 years). On average, participants started 4.8 (SD 5.1) and completed 4.3 (SD 5.2) of 16 weekly in-app chats. Most students (n=903, 71.3%) completed no self-initiated chats, and 50.2% (n=636) stopped using the app before week 3. Unadjusted negative binomial multilevel regression models showed that females completed significantly more weekly dialogues (PPPPP ConclusionsOur study supports the existing evidence that maintaining consistent usage among adolescents and young adults is a major challenge for digital interventions. An important finding was that students with higher needs for support in terms of self-efficacy, social competence, and perceived stress showed higher intervention usage. In terms of health equity, additional efforts should be made to increase intervention usage among males, those with lower levels of education, and those with higher levels of addictive behaviors.
ISSN:1438-8871