Hypoprolactinemia Following Traumatic Brain Injury and Pituitary Surgery: Mechanisms, Prevalence, and Clinical Implications
Posttraumatic hypoprolactinemia is an often overlooked complication following traumatic brain injury (TBI) or pituitary surgery, characterized by abnormally low prolactin levels. Produced by the anterior pituitary gland, prolactin is essential for lactation, reproduction, and immune function. Damage...
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| Series: | Indian Journal of Neurosurgery |
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| Online Access: | http://www.thieme-connect.de/DOI/DOI?10.1055/s-0045-1811538 |
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| author | Daniel Kheradmand Mahtab Ghaemi |
| author_facet | Daniel Kheradmand Mahtab Ghaemi |
| author_sort | Daniel Kheradmand |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Posttraumatic hypoprolactinemia is an often overlooked complication following traumatic brain injury (TBI) or pituitary surgery, characterized by abnormally low prolactin levels. Produced by the anterior pituitary gland, prolactin is essential for lactation, reproduction, and immune function. Damage to the hypothalamic-pituitary-axis can lead to hypoprolactinemia, causing symptoms such as lactation failure, reproductive dysfunction, mood disturbances, and immune impairment. The prevalence of hypoprolactinemia after TBI varies from 1 to 85%, while it is lower in postpituitary surgery. There is a lack of standardized diagnostic criteria and effective management strategies. This review covers the epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, and diagnostic challenges, while discussing therapeutic approaches like prolactin replacement therapy. Emphasizing the need for multidisciplinary care, the review also highlights the importance of research to establish diagnostic criteria and improve detection and treatment, as early intervention is crucial for better patient outcomes. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-a23f57191a3643428f2360fa973f8ce9 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2277-954X 2277-9167 |
| language | English |
| publisher | Thieme Medical and Scientific Publishers Pvt. Ltd. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Indian Journal of Neurosurgery |
| spelling | doaj-art-a23f57191a3643428f2360fa973f8ce92025-08-22T22:51:02ZengThieme Medical and Scientific Publishers Pvt. Ltd.Indian Journal of Neurosurgery2277-954X2277-916710.1055/s-0045-1811538Hypoprolactinemia Following Traumatic Brain Injury and Pituitary Surgery: Mechanisms, Prevalence, and Clinical ImplicationsDaniel Kheradmand0Mahtab Ghaemi1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7465-5398Department of Neurosurgery, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, IranDepartment of Internal Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, IranPosttraumatic hypoprolactinemia is an often overlooked complication following traumatic brain injury (TBI) or pituitary surgery, characterized by abnormally low prolactin levels. Produced by the anterior pituitary gland, prolactin is essential for lactation, reproduction, and immune function. Damage to the hypothalamic-pituitary-axis can lead to hypoprolactinemia, causing symptoms such as lactation failure, reproductive dysfunction, mood disturbances, and immune impairment. The prevalence of hypoprolactinemia after TBI varies from 1 to 85%, while it is lower in postpituitary surgery. There is a lack of standardized diagnostic criteria and effective management strategies. This review covers the epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, and diagnostic challenges, while discussing therapeutic approaches like prolactin replacement therapy. Emphasizing the need for multidisciplinary care, the review also highlights the importance of research to establish diagnostic criteria and improve detection and treatment, as early intervention is crucial for better patient outcomes.http://www.thieme-connect.de/DOI/DOI?10.1055/s-0045-1811538hypoprolactinemiatraumatic brain injurypituitary surgeryposttraumatic endocrine dysfunctionpituitary hormone deficiency |
| spellingShingle | Daniel Kheradmand Mahtab Ghaemi Hypoprolactinemia Following Traumatic Brain Injury and Pituitary Surgery: Mechanisms, Prevalence, and Clinical Implications Indian Journal of Neurosurgery hypoprolactinemia traumatic brain injury pituitary surgery posttraumatic endocrine dysfunction pituitary hormone deficiency |
| title | Hypoprolactinemia Following Traumatic Brain Injury and Pituitary Surgery: Mechanisms, Prevalence, and Clinical Implications |
| title_full | Hypoprolactinemia Following Traumatic Brain Injury and Pituitary Surgery: Mechanisms, Prevalence, and Clinical Implications |
| title_fullStr | Hypoprolactinemia Following Traumatic Brain Injury and Pituitary Surgery: Mechanisms, Prevalence, and Clinical Implications |
| title_full_unstemmed | Hypoprolactinemia Following Traumatic Brain Injury and Pituitary Surgery: Mechanisms, Prevalence, and Clinical Implications |
| title_short | Hypoprolactinemia Following Traumatic Brain Injury and Pituitary Surgery: Mechanisms, Prevalence, and Clinical Implications |
| title_sort | hypoprolactinemia following traumatic brain injury and pituitary surgery mechanisms prevalence and clinical implications |
| topic | hypoprolactinemia traumatic brain injury pituitary surgery posttraumatic endocrine dysfunction pituitary hormone deficiency |
| url | http://www.thieme-connect.de/DOI/DOI?10.1055/s-0045-1811538 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT danielkheradmand hypoprolactinemiafollowingtraumaticbraininjuryandpituitarysurgerymechanismsprevalenceandclinicalimplications AT mahtabghaemi hypoprolactinemiafollowingtraumaticbraininjuryandpituitarysurgerymechanismsprevalenceandclinicalimplications |