The Impacts of Rotational Mixing on the Precipitation Simulated by a Convection Permitting Model

Abstract With increased availability of computational resources, regional and global scale convection‐permitting model (CPM, Δx ∼ 1–10 km) simulations are becoming more common. CPMs have improved accuracy in their representation of deep convection and mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) compared to...

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Main Authors: Samson Hagos, Zhe Feng, Adam C. Varble, Sheng‐Lun Tai, Jingyi Chen
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: American Geophysical Union (AGU) 2025-05-01
Series:Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1029/2024MS004524
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author Samson Hagos
Zhe Feng
Adam C. Varble
Sheng‐Lun Tai
Jingyi Chen
author_facet Samson Hagos
Zhe Feng
Adam C. Varble
Sheng‐Lun Tai
Jingyi Chen
author_sort Samson Hagos
collection DOAJ
description Abstract With increased availability of computational resources, regional and global scale convection‐permitting model (CPM, Δx ∼ 1–10 km) simulations are becoming more common. CPMs have improved accuracy in their representation of deep convection and mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) compared to coarser resolution models. However, CPMs still exhibit convective cloud and precipitation biases relative to observations, notably a lesser frequency of light precipitation rates and greater frequency of heavy precipitation rates. In this work we hypothesize that these CPM biases are related to under‐resolved mixing between convective updrafts and their surrounding environment. To test this hypothesis, we introduce a parameterization to the Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF) that adds a small angular rotation of the grid‐scale flow about the axis perpendicular to the plane of convective drafts. This rotated flow is then allowed to alter advection of moisture and hydrometeors. The effects of such mixing on precipitation characteristics are evaluated in month‐long 4‐km grid spacing simulations over the Amazon. The enhanced mixing transports moisture and condensate from convective cores to other areas including downdrafts. This increases the frequency of low‐precipitable water and light precipitation. It also decreases the frequency of intense precipitation from isolated deep convection and MCSs, increases cloud top temperatures, reduces radar echo‐top heights, and increases overall precipitation by altering the relationship of precipitation with precipitable water, in better agreement with observations. The results suggest when optimized using multiple observations, such an approach may provide a path toward more accurate representation of convection and precipitation statistics in convection‐permitting simulations.
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spelling doaj-art-a229d850d3a74b23b4b5024d835c1f9e2025-08-20T03:47:57ZengAmerican Geophysical Union (AGU)Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems1942-24662025-05-01175n/an/a10.1029/2024MS004524The Impacts of Rotational Mixing on the Precipitation Simulated by a Convection Permitting ModelSamson Hagos0Zhe Feng1Adam C. Varble2Sheng‐Lun Tai3Jingyi Chen4Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland WA USAPacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland WA USAPacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland WA USAPacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland WA USAPacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland WA USAAbstract With increased availability of computational resources, regional and global scale convection‐permitting model (CPM, Δx ∼ 1–10 km) simulations are becoming more common. CPMs have improved accuracy in their representation of deep convection and mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) compared to coarser resolution models. However, CPMs still exhibit convective cloud and precipitation biases relative to observations, notably a lesser frequency of light precipitation rates and greater frequency of heavy precipitation rates. In this work we hypothesize that these CPM biases are related to under‐resolved mixing between convective updrafts and their surrounding environment. To test this hypothesis, we introduce a parameterization to the Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF) that adds a small angular rotation of the grid‐scale flow about the axis perpendicular to the plane of convective drafts. This rotated flow is then allowed to alter advection of moisture and hydrometeors. The effects of such mixing on precipitation characteristics are evaluated in month‐long 4‐km grid spacing simulations over the Amazon. The enhanced mixing transports moisture and condensate from convective cores to other areas including downdrafts. This increases the frequency of low‐precipitable water and light precipitation. It also decreases the frequency of intense precipitation from isolated deep convection and MCSs, increases cloud top temperatures, reduces radar echo‐top heights, and increases overall precipitation by altering the relationship of precipitation with precipitable water, in better agreement with observations. The results suggest when optimized using multiple observations, such an approach may provide a path toward more accurate representation of convection and precipitation statistics in convection‐permitting simulations.https://doi.org/10.1029/2024MS004524convectionCPMamazonWRFprecipitationclouds
spellingShingle Samson Hagos
Zhe Feng
Adam C. Varble
Sheng‐Lun Tai
Jingyi Chen
The Impacts of Rotational Mixing on the Precipitation Simulated by a Convection Permitting Model
Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems
convection
CPM
amazon
WRF
precipitation
clouds
title The Impacts of Rotational Mixing on the Precipitation Simulated by a Convection Permitting Model
title_full The Impacts of Rotational Mixing on the Precipitation Simulated by a Convection Permitting Model
title_fullStr The Impacts of Rotational Mixing on the Precipitation Simulated by a Convection Permitting Model
title_full_unstemmed The Impacts of Rotational Mixing on the Precipitation Simulated by a Convection Permitting Model
title_short The Impacts of Rotational Mixing on the Precipitation Simulated by a Convection Permitting Model
title_sort impacts of rotational mixing on the precipitation simulated by a convection permitting model
topic convection
CPM
amazon
WRF
precipitation
clouds
url https://doi.org/10.1029/2024MS004524
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