Stability and pH-Dependent Mechanism of Astaxanthin-Loaded Nanoemulsions Stabilized by Almond Protein Isolate

Pickering emulsions (PEs) of natural plant proteins enriched in fat-soluble components are gaining consumer interest for healthier and sustainable products. The aim of this study is to prepare PEs for stabilizing almond protein isolated (API) particles loaded with astaxanthin using ultrasound techno...

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Main Authors: Qingrui Yang, Wenhui Qi, Yutong Shao, Xu Zhang, Fengyang Wu, Zhisheng Zhang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-12-01
Series:Foods
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/13/24/4067
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author Qingrui Yang
Wenhui Qi
Yutong Shao
Xu Zhang
Fengyang Wu
Zhisheng Zhang
author_facet Qingrui Yang
Wenhui Qi
Yutong Shao
Xu Zhang
Fengyang Wu
Zhisheng Zhang
author_sort Qingrui Yang
collection DOAJ
description Pickering emulsions (PEs) of natural plant proteins enriched in fat-soluble components are gaining consumer interest for healthier and sustainable products. The aim of this study is to prepare PEs for stabilizing almond protein isolated (API) particles loaded with astaxanthin using ultrasound technology. The loose structure of the API at pH levels of 3 and 12, with contact angles of 68.92° and 72.56°, respectively, facilitated its transfer from the aqueous to the oil phase. The adsorption of the API at the oil–water interface was 71.56% and 74.69% at pH levels of 3 and 12, respectively, which was significantly higher than that of the emulsions at other pH levels (5, 7, and 9). After 14 days of storage at 4 °C, PEs at pH levels of 3 and 12 did not undergo phase separation, with small and homogeneous droplets. CLSM revealed a monolayer arrangement of the API at the oil–water interface. These results indicate that PE is more stable at pH levels of 3 and 12 than at other pH levels (5, 7, and 9). In addition, the stabilized astaxanthin PE showed the largest astaxanthin encapsulation (91.43%) at a pH of 3. The emulsions had significantly lower a* values and higher L* values at a pH of 3 compared to a pH of 12, indicating better astaxanthin stability in the PEs. These results will help to expand the application of API-PE loaded with astaxanthin at different pH values.
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institution Kabale University
issn 2304-8158
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publishDate 2024-12-01
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series Foods
spelling doaj-art-a14d396bbc6442b189b43eefe018aa3a2024-12-27T14:26:24ZengMDPI AGFoods2304-81582024-12-011324406710.3390/foods13244067Stability and pH-Dependent Mechanism of Astaxanthin-Loaded Nanoemulsions Stabilized by Almond Protein IsolateQingrui Yang0Wenhui Qi1Yutong Shao2Xu Zhang3Fengyang Wu4Zhisheng Zhang5College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Lekai South Avenue, Baoding 071000, ChinaCollege of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Lekai South Avenue, Baoding 071000, ChinaCollege of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Lekai South Avenue, Baoding 071000, ChinaCollege of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Lekai South Avenue, Baoding 071000, ChinaCollege of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Lekai South Avenue, Baoding 071000, ChinaCollege of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Lekai South Avenue, Baoding 071000, ChinaPickering emulsions (PEs) of natural plant proteins enriched in fat-soluble components are gaining consumer interest for healthier and sustainable products. The aim of this study is to prepare PEs for stabilizing almond protein isolated (API) particles loaded with astaxanthin using ultrasound technology. The loose structure of the API at pH levels of 3 and 12, with contact angles of 68.92° and 72.56°, respectively, facilitated its transfer from the aqueous to the oil phase. The adsorption of the API at the oil–water interface was 71.56% and 74.69% at pH levels of 3 and 12, respectively, which was significantly higher than that of the emulsions at other pH levels (5, 7, and 9). After 14 days of storage at 4 °C, PEs at pH levels of 3 and 12 did not undergo phase separation, with small and homogeneous droplets. CLSM revealed a monolayer arrangement of the API at the oil–water interface. These results indicate that PE is more stable at pH levels of 3 and 12 than at other pH levels (5, 7, and 9). In addition, the stabilized astaxanthin PE showed the largest astaxanthin encapsulation (91.43%) at a pH of 3. The emulsions had significantly lower a* values and higher L* values at a pH of 3 compared to a pH of 12, indicating better astaxanthin stability in the PEs. These results will help to expand the application of API-PE loaded with astaxanthin at different pH values.https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/13/24/4067Pickering emulsionalmond protein isolateastaxanthinpHinterface distributionstability
spellingShingle Qingrui Yang
Wenhui Qi
Yutong Shao
Xu Zhang
Fengyang Wu
Zhisheng Zhang
Stability and pH-Dependent Mechanism of Astaxanthin-Loaded Nanoemulsions Stabilized by Almond Protein Isolate
Foods
Pickering emulsion
almond protein isolate
astaxanthin
pH
interface distribution
stability
title Stability and pH-Dependent Mechanism of Astaxanthin-Loaded Nanoemulsions Stabilized by Almond Protein Isolate
title_full Stability and pH-Dependent Mechanism of Astaxanthin-Loaded Nanoemulsions Stabilized by Almond Protein Isolate
title_fullStr Stability and pH-Dependent Mechanism of Astaxanthin-Loaded Nanoemulsions Stabilized by Almond Protein Isolate
title_full_unstemmed Stability and pH-Dependent Mechanism of Astaxanthin-Loaded Nanoemulsions Stabilized by Almond Protein Isolate
title_short Stability and pH-Dependent Mechanism of Astaxanthin-Loaded Nanoemulsions Stabilized by Almond Protein Isolate
title_sort stability and ph dependent mechanism of astaxanthin loaded nanoemulsions stabilized by almond protein isolate
topic Pickering emulsion
almond protein isolate
astaxanthin
pH
interface distribution
stability
url https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/13/24/4067
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