Green Synthesis, Characterization and Pharmaceutical Applications of Biocompatible Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Using <i>Heliotropium rariflorum</i> Stocks
<b>Background:</b> Zinc oxide nanoparticles are safe, non-toxic, and biocompatible. These NPs are used in food packaging materials, self-cleaning glass, ceramics, deodorants, sunscreens, paints, coatings, ointments, lotions, and as preservatives. This study explored the biological potent...
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2024-10-01
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| author | Noor Ul Uza Ghulam Dastagir Syed Tanveer Shah Elitsa Pavlova Aftab Jamal Mahmoud F. Seleiman Jakub Černý |
| author_facet | Noor Ul Uza Ghulam Dastagir Syed Tanveer Shah Elitsa Pavlova Aftab Jamal Mahmoud F. Seleiman Jakub Černý |
| author_sort | Noor Ul Uza |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <b>Background:</b> Zinc oxide nanoparticles are safe, non-toxic, and biocompatible. These NPs are used in food packaging materials, self-cleaning glass, ceramics, deodorants, sunscreens, paints, coatings, ointments, lotions, and as preservatives. This study explored the biological potential of ZnO nanoparticles synthesized using <i>H. rariflorum</i>. <b>Methods:</b> In vitro antibacterial and antifungal activities against <i>Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus</i>, <i>Escherichia coli</i>, <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>, <i>Salmonella typhi</i>, <i>Candida albicans</i>, <i>Penicillium notatum</i>, <i>Aspergillus flavus</i>, <i>Aspergillus niger</i> and <i>Aspergillus solani</i> were determined. Antioxidant activity was explored using the DPPH radical scavenging method. In vivo analgesic, antipyretic and sedative potential of synthesized nanoparticles was investigated using a mouse model. <b>Results:</b> SEM with various magnification powers showed that some particles were spherical while some were aggregated, flake-shaped, and hexagonal with rough and irregular surfaces. The EDX analysis revealed Zn (12.63%), O (22.83%) and C (63.11%) with trace quantities of Si (0.40%), Ca (0.54%) and P (0.49%). The XRD pattern indicated an amorphous state, with no peaks observed throughout the spectrum. The UV–visible spectrophotometry revealed a characteristic absorption peak at 375 nm, indicating the presence of ZnO nanoparticles. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) displayed several small peaks between 1793 and 2370 cm<sup>−1</sup>, providing evidence of the presence of different kinds of organic compounds with different functional groups. ZnO-NPs showed dose-dependent antibacterial and antifungal potential against all strains. <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> and <i>Candida albicans</i> were the most susceptible strains. The nanoparticles exhibited a maximum antioxidant effect of 85.28% at 100 μg/mL. In this study, the acute toxicity test showed no mortality, and normal behavior was observed in mice at ZnO-NP doses of 5, 10, and 20 mg/kg. For analgesic and antipyretic activities, a two-way ANOVA revealed that dose, time, and the interaction between dose and time were significant. In contrast, the samples had a non-significant effect on sedative activity. <b>Conclusions:</b> This innovative study suggests a potential use of plant resources for managing microbes and treating various diseases, providing a scientific basis for the traditional use of <i>H. rariflorum</i>. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-a14210d15cb04bcfbcaca075f7556c3c |
| institution | Kabale University |
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| spelling | doaj-art-a14210d15cb04bcfbcaca075f7556c3c2024-11-26T18:17:14ZengMDPI AGPharmaceuticals1424-82472024-10-011711145710.3390/ph17111457Green Synthesis, Characterization and Pharmaceutical Applications of Biocompatible Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Using <i>Heliotropium rariflorum</i> StocksNoor Ul Uza0Ghulam Dastagir1Syed Tanveer Shah2Elitsa Pavlova3Aftab Jamal4Mahmoud F. Seleiman5Jakub Černý6Department of Botany, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25130, Khyber Pakthunkhwa, PakistanDepartment of Botany, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25130, Khyber Pakthunkhwa, PakistanDepartment of Agriculture, Faculty of Biological and Health Sciences, Hazara University, Mansehra 21300, Khyber Pakthunkhwa, PakistanOptics and Spectroscopy Department, Faculty of Physics, Sofia University St. Kliment Ohridski, 5 James Bourchier Blvd., 1164 Sofia, BulgariaKey Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, ChinaDepartment of Plant Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Silviculture, Forestry and Game Management Research Institute, Na Olivě 550, 517 73 Opočno, Czech Republic<b>Background:</b> Zinc oxide nanoparticles are safe, non-toxic, and biocompatible. These NPs are used in food packaging materials, self-cleaning glass, ceramics, deodorants, sunscreens, paints, coatings, ointments, lotions, and as preservatives. This study explored the biological potential of ZnO nanoparticles synthesized using <i>H. rariflorum</i>. <b>Methods:</b> In vitro antibacterial and antifungal activities against <i>Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus</i>, <i>Escherichia coli</i>, <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>, <i>Salmonella typhi</i>, <i>Candida albicans</i>, <i>Penicillium notatum</i>, <i>Aspergillus flavus</i>, <i>Aspergillus niger</i> and <i>Aspergillus solani</i> were determined. Antioxidant activity was explored using the DPPH radical scavenging method. In vivo analgesic, antipyretic and sedative potential of synthesized nanoparticles was investigated using a mouse model. <b>Results:</b> SEM with various magnification powers showed that some particles were spherical while some were aggregated, flake-shaped, and hexagonal with rough and irregular surfaces. The EDX analysis revealed Zn (12.63%), O (22.83%) and C (63.11%) with trace quantities of Si (0.40%), Ca (0.54%) and P (0.49%). The XRD pattern indicated an amorphous state, with no peaks observed throughout the spectrum. The UV–visible spectrophotometry revealed a characteristic absorption peak at 375 nm, indicating the presence of ZnO nanoparticles. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) displayed several small peaks between 1793 and 2370 cm<sup>−1</sup>, providing evidence of the presence of different kinds of organic compounds with different functional groups. ZnO-NPs showed dose-dependent antibacterial and antifungal potential against all strains. <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> and <i>Candida albicans</i> were the most susceptible strains. The nanoparticles exhibited a maximum antioxidant effect of 85.28% at 100 μg/mL. In this study, the acute toxicity test showed no mortality, and normal behavior was observed in mice at ZnO-NP doses of 5, 10, and 20 mg/kg. For analgesic and antipyretic activities, a two-way ANOVA revealed that dose, time, and the interaction between dose and time were significant. In contrast, the samples had a non-significant effect on sedative activity. <b>Conclusions:</b> This innovative study suggests a potential use of plant resources for managing microbes and treating various diseases, providing a scientific basis for the traditional use of <i>H. rariflorum</i>.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8247/17/11/1457antibacterialantifungalantioxidantacute toxicityanalgesicantipyretic |
| spellingShingle | Noor Ul Uza Ghulam Dastagir Syed Tanveer Shah Elitsa Pavlova Aftab Jamal Mahmoud F. Seleiman Jakub Černý Green Synthesis, Characterization and Pharmaceutical Applications of Biocompatible Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Using <i>Heliotropium rariflorum</i> Stocks Pharmaceuticals antibacterial antifungal antioxidant acute toxicity analgesic antipyretic |
| title | Green Synthesis, Characterization and Pharmaceutical Applications of Biocompatible Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Using <i>Heliotropium rariflorum</i> Stocks |
| title_full | Green Synthesis, Characterization and Pharmaceutical Applications of Biocompatible Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Using <i>Heliotropium rariflorum</i> Stocks |
| title_fullStr | Green Synthesis, Characterization and Pharmaceutical Applications of Biocompatible Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Using <i>Heliotropium rariflorum</i> Stocks |
| title_full_unstemmed | Green Synthesis, Characterization and Pharmaceutical Applications of Biocompatible Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Using <i>Heliotropium rariflorum</i> Stocks |
| title_short | Green Synthesis, Characterization and Pharmaceutical Applications of Biocompatible Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Using <i>Heliotropium rariflorum</i> Stocks |
| title_sort | green synthesis characterization and pharmaceutical applications of biocompatible zinc oxide nanoparticles using i heliotropium rariflorum i stocks |
| topic | antibacterial antifungal antioxidant acute toxicity analgesic antipyretic |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8247/17/11/1457 |
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