Façade Retrofit Strategies for Energy Efficiency Improvement Considering the Hot Climatic Conditions of Saudi Arabia

Saudi Arabia faces significant challenges in managing the rising energy consumption in buildings driven largely by its hot climatic conditions. As a result, retrofitting building facades to enhance energy efficiency has become a critical strategy. This study assesses the effectiveness of various faç...

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Main Authors: Wesam Rababa, Omar S. Asfour
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-11-01
Series:Applied Sciences
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/14/21/10003
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author Wesam Rababa
Omar S. Asfour
author_facet Wesam Rababa
Omar S. Asfour
author_sort Wesam Rababa
collection DOAJ
description Saudi Arabia faces significant challenges in managing the rising energy consumption in buildings driven largely by its hot climatic conditions. As a result, retrofitting building facades to enhance energy efficiency has become a critical strategy. This study assesses the effectiveness of various façade retrofit strategies in reducing cooling electricity consumption using a real-time case study in Dhahran, Saudi Arabia. The strategies explored include external wall upgrades, window replacements, and installation of shading devices. Each strategy was evaluated individually, considering the reduction in heat gains, cooling load, and payback period as key performance indicators. To further maximize energy efficiency, these strategies were also analyzed in combination using the genetic algorithm optimization method, yielding 224 possible facade configurations. The optimal solution included the use of an External Thermal Insulation Composite System (ETCIS) in walls, louvers in windows, and low-emissivity coating with Argon gas-filled glazing, achieving a cooling energy reduction of approximately 16% and a payback period of 14.8 years. This study provides several recommendations for improving the efficiency of retrofitting building façades in hot climatic conditions.
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spelling doaj-art-a1251e1ae91949df82a6c4aef3f9e44e2024-11-08T14:34:06ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172024-11-0114211000310.3390/app142110003Façade Retrofit Strategies for Energy Efficiency Improvement Considering the Hot Climatic Conditions of Saudi ArabiaWesam Rababa0Omar S. Asfour1Architecture and City Design Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, P.O. Box 2483, Dhahran 31261, Saudi ArabiaArchitecture and City Design Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, P.O. Box 2483, Dhahran 31261, Saudi ArabiaSaudi Arabia faces significant challenges in managing the rising energy consumption in buildings driven largely by its hot climatic conditions. As a result, retrofitting building facades to enhance energy efficiency has become a critical strategy. This study assesses the effectiveness of various façade retrofit strategies in reducing cooling electricity consumption using a real-time case study in Dhahran, Saudi Arabia. The strategies explored include external wall upgrades, window replacements, and installation of shading devices. Each strategy was evaluated individually, considering the reduction in heat gains, cooling load, and payback period as key performance indicators. To further maximize energy efficiency, these strategies were also analyzed in combination using the genetic algorithm optimization method, yielding 224 possible facade configurations. The optimal solution included the use of an External Thermal Insulation Composite System (ETCIS) in walls, louvers in windows, and low-emissivity coating with Argon gas-filled glazing, achieving a cooling energy reduction of approximately 16% and a payback period of 14.8 years. This study provides several recommendations for improving the efficiency of retrofitting building façades in hot climatic conditions.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/14/21/10003buildingsenergy efficiencyfaçade retrofithot climateSaudi Arabia
spellingShingle Wesam Rababa
Omar S. Asfour
Façade Retrofit Strategies for Energy Efficiency Improvement Considering the Hot Climatic Conditions of Saudi Arabia
Applied Sciences
buildings
energy efficiency
façade retrofit
hot climate
Saudi Arabia
title Façade Retrofit Strategies for Energy Efficiency Improvement Considering the Hot Climatic Conditions of Saudi Arabia
title_full Façade Retrofit Strategies for Energy Efficiency Improvement Considering the Hot Climatic Conditions of Saudi Arabia
title_fullStr Façade Retrofit Strategies for Energy Efficiency Improvement Considering the Hot Climatic Conditions of Saudi Arabia
title_full_unstemmed Façade Retrofit Strategies for Energy Efficiency Improvement Considering the Hot Climatic Conditions of Saudi Arabia
title_short Façade Retrofit Strategies for Energy Efficiency Improvement Considering the Hot Climatic Conditions of Saudi Arabia
title_sort facade retrofit strategies for energy efficiency improvement considering the hot climatic conditions of saudi arabia
topic buildings
energy efficiency
façade retrofit
hot climate
Saudi Arabia
url https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/14/21/10003
work_keys_str_mv AT wesamrababa facaderetrofitstrategiesforenergyefficiencyimprovementconsideringthehotclimaticconditionsofsaudiarabia
AT omarsasfour facaderetrofitstrategiesforenergyefficiencyimprovementconsideringthehotclimaticconditionsofsaudiarabia