On the formation of oxide inclusions in the high nitrogen chromium-manganese steel produced by the Wire and Arc Additive Manufacturing
Oxide inclusions significantly impeded the mechanical properties of the Wire and Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) made high nitrogen Cr–Mn austenite stainless steels (HNSs). This paper focused on the inclusions' component, crystallization characteristics and formation mechanism. Results reveal...
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Elsevier
2024-11-01
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| Series: | Journal of Materials Research and Technology |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2238785424023731 |
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| author | Xiaoyong Zhang Qiushi Zhao Chenyu Liu Yong Peng Yong Huang Jian Kong Kehong Wang |
| author_facet | Xiaoyong Zhang Qiushi Zhao Chenyu Liu Yong Peng Yong Huang Jian Kong Kehong Wang |
| author_sort | Xiaoyong Zhang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Oxide inclusions significantly impeded the mechanical properties of the Wire and Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) made high nitrogen Cr–Mn austenite stainless steels (HNSs). This paper focused on the inclusions' component, crystallization characteristics and formation mechanism. Results revealed that there are two types of inclusions: the round-shape nano-size inclusion (Type-I) and the micron-size island-shape inclusion (Type-II). The Type-I inclusion usually consists of the MnO particle or the combination of the MnO, Si-oxides and precipitations (MnS or Cr2N). Most of the Type-I oxide inclusion is located in the range between 300 nm and 700 nm,the number of Type-I oxide inclusion takes the main part of 69.7%.With higher content, smaller size and more even distributions, the isolated Type-I oxide inclusions would be beneficial to the mechanical properties owing to the Orowan strengthening mechanism. The Type-II inclusion is mostly composed of the MnO matrix and the coherent chromite spinel (MnCr2O4). In general, the larger the size, the more serious the negative impact on mechanical properties. And there was a strong negative correlation between the size and quantity of type II oxide inclusions. After heat treatment, abundant phase transformations occurred in the Type-II inclusions and some harmful phases (Sigma, MnS et cl.) were often found in or around the inclusions with specific orientation relationships. During deposition, the unstable droplet transformation and the trapped residual slag were the main causes for the inclusions in the molten pool. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-a0e952adf4d94518af7ac64188c81143 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2238-7854 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-11-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Materials Research and Technology |
| spelling | doaj-art-a0e952adf4d94518af7ac64188c811432024-12-26T08:54:37ZengElsevierJournal of Materials Research and Technology2238-78542024-11-013338523863On the formation of oxide inclusions in the high nitrogen chromium-manganese steel produced by the Wire and Arc Additive ManufacturingXiaoyong Zhang0Qiushi Zhao1Chenyu Liu2Yong Peng3Yong Huang4Jian Kong5Kehong Wang6School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China; Key Laboratory of Controlled Arc Intelligent Additive Manufacturing Technology, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China; Corresponding author. School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China.School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China; Key Laboratory of Controlled Arc Intelligent Additive Manufacturing Technology, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, ChinaSchool of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China; Key Laboratory of Controlled Arc Intelligent Additive Manufacturing Technology, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, ChinaSchool of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China; Key Laboratory of Controlled Arc Intelligent Additive Manufacturing Technology, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China; Corresponding author. School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China.School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China; Key Laboratory of Controlled Arc Intelligent Additive Manufacturing Technology, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China; Corresponding author. School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China.School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China; Key Laboratory of Controlled Arc Intelligent Additive Manufacturing Technology, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, ChinaSchool of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China; Key Laboratory of Controlled Arc Intelligent Additive Manufacturing Technology, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, ChinaOxide inclusions significantly impeded the mechanical properties of the Wire and Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) made high nitrogen Cr–Mn austenite stainless steels (HNSs). This paper focused on the inclusions' component, crystallization characteristics and formation mechanism. Results revealed that there are two types of inclusions: the round-shape nano-size inclusion (Type-I) and the micron-size island-shape inclusion (Type-II). The Type-I inclusion usually consists of the MnO particle or the combination of the MnO, Si-oxides and precipitations (MnS or Cr2N). Most of the Type-I oxide inclusion is located in the range between 300 nm and 700 nm,the number of Type-I oxide inclusion takes the main part of 69.7%.With higher content, smaller size and more even distributions, the isolated Type-I oxide inclusions would be beneficial to the mechanical properties owing to the Orowan strengthening mechanism. The Type-II inclusion is mostly composed of the MnO matrix and the coherent chromite spinel (MnCr2O4). In general, the larger the size, the more serious the negative impact on mechanical properties. And there was a strong negative correlation between the size and quantity of type II oxide inclusions. After heat treatment, abundant phase transformations occurred in the Type-II inclusions and some harmful phases (Sigma, MnS et cl.) were often found in or around the inclusions with specific orientation relationships. During deposition, the unstable droplet transformation and the trapped residual slag were the main causes for the inclusions in the molten pool.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2238785424023731Oxide inclusionWire and Arc Additive ManufacturingHigh nitrogen steelOrientation relationshipDroplet transformation |
| spellingShingle | Xiaoyong Zhang Qiushi Zhao Chenyu Liu Yong Peng Yong Huang Jian Kong Kehong Wang On the formation of oxide inclusions in the high nitrogen chromium-manganese steel produced by the Wire and Arc Additive Manufacturing Journal of Materials Research and Technology Oxide inclusion Wire and Arc Additive Manufacturing High nitrogen steel Orientation relationship Droplet transformation |
| title | On the formation of oxide inclusions in the high nitrogen chromium-manganese steel produced by the Wire and Arc Additive Manufacturing |
| title_full | On the formation of oxide inclusions in the high nitrogen chromium-manganese steel produced by the Wire and Arc Additive Manufacturing |
| title_fullStr | On the formation of oxide inclusions in the high nitrogen chromium-manganese steel produced by the Wire and Arc Additive Manufacturing |
| title_full_unstemmed | On the formation of oxide inclusions in the high nitrogen chromium-manganese steel produced by the Wire and Arc Additive Manufacturing |
| title_short | On the formation of oxide inclusions in the high nitrogen chromium-manganese steel produced by the Wire and Arc Additive Manufacturing |
| title_sort | on the formation of oxide inclusions in the high nitrogen chromium manganese steel produced by the wire and arc additive manufacturing |
| topic | Oxide inclusion Wire and Arc Additive Manufacturing High nitrogen steel Orientation relationship Droplet transformation |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2238785424023731 |
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