Nanobody-mediated targeting of Plasmodium falciparum PfPIMMS43 can block malaria transmission in mosquitoes

Abstract The transition from ookinete to oocyst is a critical step in the Plasmodium falciparum lifecycle and an important target for malaria transmission-blocking strategies. PfPIMMS43, a surface protein of P. falciparum ookinetes and sporozoites, is critical for this transition and aids the parasi...

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Main Authors: Chiamaka Valerie Ukegbu, Mgeni Mohamed, Astrid Hoermann, Yuyan Qin, Prisca A. Kweyamba, Dickson Wilson Lwetoijera, Nikolai Windbichler, Sarah Moore, George K. Christophides, Dina Vlachou
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-04-01
Series:Communications Biology
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-025-08033-8
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author Chiamaka Valerie Ukegbu
Mgeni Mohamed
Astrid Hoermann
Yuyan Qin
Prisca A. Kweyamba
Dickson Wilson Lwetoijera
Nikolai Windbichler
Sarah Moore
George K. Christophides
Dina Vlachou
author_facet Chiamaka Valerie Ukegbu
Mgeni Mohamed
Astrid Hoermann
Yuyan Qin
Prisca A. Kweyamba
Dickson Wilson Lwetoijera
Nikolai Windbichler
Sarah Moore
George K. Christophides
Dina Vlachou
author_sort Chiamaka Valerie Ukegbu
collection DOAJ
description Abstract The transition from ookinete to oocyst is a critical step in the Plasmodium falciparum lifecycle and an important target for malaria transmission-blocking strategies. PfPIMMS43, a surface protein of P. falciparum ookinetes and sporozoites, is critical for this transition and aids the parasite in evading mosquito immune responses. Previous studies demonstrated that polyclonal PfPIMMS43 antibodies reduced P. falciparum infection in Anopheles mosquitoes. Here, building on these findings, we have developed high-affinity single-domain VHH antibodies (nanobodies) derived from llama heavy-chain-only antibodies. We have shown that these nanobodies bind both recombinant and endogenous PfPIMMS43 produced by P. falciparum ookinetes in the mosquito midgut. Importantly, they significantly reduce infection intensity and prevalence of laboratory and field strains of P. falciparum in An. coluzzii and An. gambiae, respectively. Epitope mapping has revealed that the nanobodies target conserved regions in the second half of PfPIMMS43, with homology modelling confirming epitope accessibility. These findings establish PfPIMMS43 as a promising transmission-blocking target. To enhance malaria control and elimination efforts, we propose an innovative strategy in which genetically modified mosquitoes express PfPIMMS43-specific nanobodies in their midguts and spread this trait in wild mosquito populations via gene drive technology.
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spelling doaj-art-a0dc1748aa734364a8ff2d087616fade2025-08-20T03:52:24ZengNature PortfolioCommunications Biology2399-36422025-04-01811910.1038/s42003-025-08033-8Nanobody-mediated targeting of Plasmodium falciparum PfPIMMS43 can block malaria transmission in mosquitoesChiamaka Valerie Ukegbu0Mgeni Mohamed1Astrid Hoermann2Yuyan Qin3Prisca A. Kweyamba4Dickson Wilson Lwetoijera5Nikolai Windbichler6Sarah Moore7George K. Christophides8Dina Vlachou9Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College LondonEnvironmental Health and Ecological Sciences, Ifakara Health InstituteDepartment of Life Sciences, Imperial College LondonDepartment of Life Sciences, Imperial College LondonEnvironmental Health and Ecological Sciences, Ifakara Health InstituteEnvironmental Health and Ecological Sciences, Ifakara Health InstituteDepartment of Life Sciences, Imperial College LondonEnvironmental Health and Ecological Sciences, Ifakara Health InstituteDepartment of Life Sciences, Imperial College LondonDepartment of Life Sciences, Imperial College LondonAbstract The transition from ookinete to oocyst is a critical step in the Plasmodium falciparum lifecycle and an important target for malaria transmission-blocking strategies. PfPIMMS43, a surface protein of P. falciparum ookinetes and sporozoites, is critical for this transition and aids the parasite in evading mosquito immune responses. Previous studies demonstrated that polyclonal PfPIMMS43 antibodies reduced P. falciparum infection in Anopheles mosquitoes. Here, building on these findings, we have developed high-affinity single-domain VHH antibodies (nanobodies) derived from llama heavy-chain-only antibodies. We have shown that these nanobodies bind both recombinant and endogenous PfPIMMS43 produced by P. falciparum ookinetes in the mosquito midgut. Importantly, they significantly reduce infection intensity and prevalence of laboratory and field strains of P. falciparum in An. coluzzii and An. gambiae, respectively. Epitope mapping has revealed that the nanobodies target conserved regions in the second half of PfPIMMS43, with homology modelling confirming epitope accessibility. These findings establish PfPIMMS43 as a promising transmission-blocking target. To enhance malaria control and elimination efforts, we propose an innovative strategy in which genetically modified mosquitoes express PfPIMMS43-specific nanobodies in their midguts and spread this trait in wild mosquito populations via gene drive technology.https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-025-08033-8
spellingShingle Chiamaka Valerie Ukegbu
Mgeni Mohamed
Astrid Hoermann
Yuyan Qin
Prisca A. Kweyamba
Dickson Wilson Lwetoijera
Nikolai Windbichler
Sarah Moore
George K. Christophides
Dina Vlachou
Nanobody-mediated targeting of Plasmodium falciparum PfPIMMS43 can block malaria transmission in mosquitoes
Communications Biology
title Nanobody-mediated targeting of Plasmodium falciparum PfPIMMS43 can block malaria transmission in mosquitoes
title_full Nanobody-mediated targeting of Plasmodium falciparum PfPIMMS43 can block malaria transmission in mosquitoes
title_fullStr Nanobody-mediated targeting of Plasmodium falciparum PfPIMMS43 can block malaria transmission in mosquitoes
title_full_unstemmed Nanobody-mediated targeting of Plasmodium falciparum PfPIMMS43 can block malaria transmission in mosquitoes
title_short Nanobody-mediated targeting of Plasmodium falciparum PfPIMMS43 can block malaria transmission in mosquitoes
title_sort nanobody mediated targeting of plasmodium falciparum pfpimms43 can block malaria transmission in mosquitoes
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-025-08033-8
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