Occurrence of Multi-Drug-Resistant Bacteria in Rainbow Trout–Lettuce Bio-Integrated Culture Systems in Chile
In an aquaponic system, fish and plants are cultivated together in a symbiotic environment where they mutually benefit, using significantly less water than traditional farming methods. The main aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence of antimicrobial resistance in two aquaponic systems i...
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2024-10-01
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| author | Christopher Concha Luz Hurtado Norma Pérez German E. Merino Claudio D. Miranda |
| author_facet | Christopher Concha Luz Hurtado Norma Pérez German E. Merino Claudio D. Miranda |
| author_sort | Christopher Concha |
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| description | In an aquaponic system, fish and plants are cultivated together in a symbiotic environment where they mutually benefit, using significantly less water than traditional farming methods. The main aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence of antimicrobial resistance in two aquaponic systems implemented in two Chilean high schools using rainbow trout and lettuce cultures. When water samples (fish tank, biofilter, and plant raft) were analyzed over a three-month period, no resistance to oxytetracycline was detected, whereas the occurrence of resistance to florfenicol was rather small, ranging from 0.01% to 3.1% of bacterial culturable counts. Eighteen isolates were recovered from various sources as representatives of the florfenicol-resistant population, and all of them belonged to the <i>Pseudomonas</i> genus, showing a multi-drug-resistance phenotype and exhibiting simultaneous resistance to 7–13 antimicrobials. All isolates exhibited resistance to amoxicillin, chloramphenicol, florfenicol, and furazolidone and susceptibility to meropenem, oxytetracycline, oxolinic acid, flumequine, ciprofloxacin, and enrofloxacin. Five and two isolates carried the amphenicol-resistance-encoding genes <i>floR</i> and <i>cmlA</i>, respectively, whereas no carriage of integrons or the <i>fexA</i>, <i>fexB</i>, <i>pexA</i>, <i>optrA</i>, and <i>cfr</i> genes encoding for florfenicol resistance was detected. Eleven isolates carried plasmids, but only two of them were able to transfer their plasmid content by conjugation. The knowledge of the microbiome associated with aquaponic systems is still scarce, and their role as potential reservoirs of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria and related genes of these systems must be elucidated. |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Kabale University |
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| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-10-01 |
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| series | Fishes |
| spelling | doaj-art-a0950cf5b4cb43a6b4d5c6fb51f646e42024-11-26T18:03:55ZengMDPI AGFishes2410-38882024-10-0191143210.3390/fishes9110432Occurrence of Multi-Drug-Resistant Bacteria in Rainbow Trout–Lettuce Bio-Integrated Culture Systems in ChileChristopher Concha0Luz Hurtado1Norma Pérez2German E. Merino3Claudio D. Miranda4Laboratorio de Patobiología Acuática, Departamento de Acuicultura, Universidad Católica del Norte, Larrondo 1281, Coquimbo 1780000, ChileLaboratorio de Patobiología Acuática, Departamento de Acuicultura, Universidad Católica del Norte, Larrondo 1281, Coquimbo 1780000, ChileEscuela de Prevención de Riesgos y Medio Ambiente, Universidad Católica del Norte, Larrondo 1281, Coquimbo 1780000, ChileLaboratorio de Bioingeniería, Departamento de Acuicultura, Universidad Católica del Norte, Larrondo 1281, Coquimbo 1780000, ChileLaboratorio de Patobiología Acuática, Departamento de Acuicultura, Universidad Católica del Norte, Larrondo 1281, Coquimbo 1780000, ChileIn an aquaponic system, fish and plants are cultivated together in a symbiotic environment where they mutually benefit, using significantly less water than traditional farming methods. The main aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence of antimicrobial resistance in two aquaponic systems implemented in two Chilean high schools using rainbow trout and lettuce cultures. When water samples (fish tank, biofilter, and plant raft) were analyzed over a three-month period, no resistance to oxytetracycline was detected, whereas the occurrence of resistance to florfenicol was rather small, ranging from 0.01% to 3.1% of bacterial culturable counts. Eighteen isolates were recovered from various sources as representatives of the florfenicol-resistant population, and all of them belonged to the <i>Pseudomonas</i> genus, showing a multi-drug-resistance phenotype and exhibiting simultaneous resistance to 7–13 antimicrobials. All isolates exhibited resistance to amoxicillin, chloramphenicol, florfenicol, and furazolidone and susceptibility to meropenem, oxytetracycline, oxolinic acid, flumequine, ciprofloxacin, and enrofloxacin. Five and two isolates carried the amphenicol-resistance-encoding genes <i>floR</i> and <i>cmlA</i>, respectively, whereas no carriage of integrons or the <i>fexA</i>, <i>fexB</i>, <i>pexA</i>, <i>optrA</i>, and <i>cfr</i> genes encoding for florfenicol resistance was detected. Eleven isolates carried plasmids, but only two of them were able to transfer their plasmid content by conjugation. The knowledge of the microbiome associated with aquaponic systems is still scarce, and their role as potential reservoirs of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria and related genes of these systems must be elucidated.https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/11/432aquaponic systems<i>floR</i>antimicrobial resistanceflorfenicol<i>Pseudomonas</i> |
| spellingShingle | Christopher Concha Luz Hurtado Norma Pérez German E. Merino Claudio D. Miranda Occurrence of Multi-Drug-Resistant Bacteria in Rainbow Trout–Lettuce Bio-Integrated Culture Systems in Chile Fishes aquaponic systems <i>floR</i> antimicrobial resistance florfenicol <i>Pseudomonas</i> |
| title | Occurrence of Multi-Drug-Resistant Bacteria in Rainbow Trout–Lettuce Bio-Integrated Culture Systems in Chile |
| title_full | Occurrence of Multi-Drug-Resistant Bacteria in Rainbow Trout–Lettuce Bio-Integrated Culture Systems in Chile |
| title_fullStr | Occurrence of Multi-Drug-Resistant Bacteria in Rainbow Trout–Lettuce Bio-Integrated Culture Systems in Chile |
| title_full_unstemmed | Occurrence of Multi-Drug-Resistant Bacteria in Rainbow Trout–Lettuce Bio-Integrated Culture Systems in Chile |
| title_short | Occurrence of Multi-Drug-Resistant Bacteria in Rainbow Trout–Lettuce Bio-Integrated Culture Systems in Chile |
| title_sort | occurrence of multi drug resistant bacteria in rainbow trout lettuce bio integrated culture systems in chile |
| topic | aquaponic systems <i>floR</i> antimicrobial resistance florfenicol <i>Pseudomonas</i> |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/11/432 |
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