Inhibition of fatty acid amide hydrolase prevents pathology in neurovisceral acid sphingomyelinase deficiency by rescuing defective endocannabinoid signaling

Abstract Acid sphingomyelinase deficiency (ASMD) leads to cellular accumulation of sphingomyelin (SM), neurodegeneration, and early death. Here, we describe the downregulation of the endocannabinoid (eCB) system in neurons of ASM knockout (ASM‐KO) mice and a ASMD patient. High SM reduced expression...

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Main Authors: Adrián Bartoll, Ana Toledano‐Zaragoza, Josefina Casas, Manuel Guzmán, Edward H Schuchman, María Dolores Ledesma
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Springer Nature 2020-10-01
Series:EMBO Molecular Medicine
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.15252/emmm.201911776
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author Adrián Bartoll
Ana Toledano‐Zaragoza
Josefina Casas
Manuel Guzmán
Edward H Schuchman
María Dolores Ledesma
author_facet Adrián Bartoll
Ana Toledano‐Zaragoza
Josefina Casas
Manuel Guzmán
Edward H Schuchman
María Dolores Ledesma
author_sort Adrián Bartoll
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Acid sphingomyelinase deficiency (ASMD) leads to cellular accumulation of sphingomyelin (SM), neurodegeneration, and early death. Here, we describe the downregulation of the endocannabinoid (eCB) system in neurons of ASM knockout (ASM‐KO) mice and a ASMD patient. High SM reduced expression of the eCB receptor CB1 in neuronal processes and induced its accumulation in lysosomes. Activation of CB1 receptor signaling, through inhibition of the eCB‐degrading enzyme fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH), reduced SM levels in ASM‐KO neurons. Oral treatment of ASM‐KO mice with a FAAH inhibitor prevented SM buildup; alleviated inflammation, neurodegeneration, and behavioral alterations; and extended lifespan. This treatment showed benefits even after a single administration at advanced disease stages. We also found CB1 receptor downregulation in neurons of a mouse model and a patient of another sphingolipid storage disorder, Niemann–Pick disease type C (NPC). We showed the efficacy of FAAH inhibition to reduce SM and cholesterol levels in NPC patient‐derived cells and in the brain of a NPC mouse model. Our findings reveal a pathophysiological crosstalk between neuronal SM and the eCB system and offer a new treatment for ASMD and other sphingolipidoses.
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spelling doaj-art-a07b4ba9bc5b4fa6a8d2a758fb96efdc2025-08-20T04:03:01ZengSpringer NatureEMBO Molecular Medicine1757-46761757-46842020-10-01121112010.15252/emmm.201911776Inhibition of fatty acid amide hydrolase prevents pathology in neurovisceral acid sphingomyelinase deficiency by rescuing defective endocannabinoid signalingAdrián Bartoll0Ana Toledano‐Zaragoza1Josefina Casas2Manuel Guzmán3Edward H Schuchman4María Dolores Ledesma5Centro Biologia Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC‐UAM)Centro Biologia Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC‐UAM)RUBAM, IQAC‐CSIC & CIBEREHDCentro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Instituto Universitario de Investigación Neuroquímica (IUIN), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Complutense UniversityDepartment of Genetics & Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiCentro Biologia Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC‐UAM)Abstract Acid sphingomyelinase deficiency (ASMD) leads to cellular accumulation of sphingomyelin (SM), neurodegeneration, and early death. Here, we describe the downregulation of the endocannabinoid (eCB) system in neurons of ASM knockout (ASM‐KO) mice and a ASMD patient. High SM reduced expression of the eCB receptor CB1 in neuronal processes and induced its accumulation in lysosomes. Activation of CB1 receptor signaling, through inhibition of the eCB‐degrading enzyme fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH), reduced SM levels in ASM‐KO neurons. Oral treatment of ASM‐KO mice with a FAAH inhibitor prevented SM buildup; alleviated inflammation, neurodegeneration, and behavioral alterations; and extended lifespan. This treatment showed benefits even after a single administration at advanced disease stages. We also found CB1 receptor downregulation in neurons of a mouse model and a patient of another sphingolipid storage disorder, Niemann–Pick disease type C (NPC). We showed the efficacy of FAAH inhibition to reduce SM and cholesterol levels in NPC patient‐derived cells and in the brain of a NPC mouse model. Our findings reveal a pathophysiological crosstalk between neuronal SM and the eCB system and offer a new treatment for ASMD and other sphingolipidoses.https://doi.org/10.15252/emmm.201911776endocannabinoidsneurodegenerationNiemann–Picksphingomyelin
spellingShingle Adrián Bartoll
Ana Toledano‐Zaragoza
Josefina Casas
Manuel Guzmán
Edward H Schuchman
María Dolores Ledesma
Inhibition of fatty acid amide hydrolase prevents pathology in neurovisceral acid sphingomyelinase deficiency by rescuing defective endocannabinoid signaling
EMBO Molecular Medicine
endocannabinoids
neurodegeneration
Niemann–Pick
sphingomyelin
title Inhibition of fatty acid amide hydrolase prevents pathology in neurovisceral acid sphingomyelinase deficiency by rescuing defective endocannabinoid signaling
title_full Inhibition of fatty acid amide hydrolase prevents pathology in neurovisceral acid sphingomyelinase deficiency by rescuing defective endocannabinoid signaling
title_fullStr Inhibition of fatty acid amide hydrolase prevents pathology in neurovisceral acid sphingomyelinase deficiency by rescuing defective endocannabinoid signaling
title_full_unstemmed Inhibition of fatty acid amide hydrolase prevents pathology in neurovisceral acid sphingomyelinase deficiency by rescuing defective endocannabinoid signaling
title_short Inhibition of fatty acid amide hydrolase prevents pathology in neurovisceral acid sphingomyelinase deficiency by rescuing defective endocannabinoid signaling
title_sort inhibition of fatty acid amide hydrolase prevents pathology in neurovisceral acid sphingomyelinase deficiency by rescuing defective endocannabinoid signaling
topic endocannabinoids
neurodegeneration
Niemann–Pick
sphingomyelin
url https://doi.org/10.15252/emmm.201911776
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