Association between the atherogenic index of plasma and risk of large-artery atherosclerotic ischemic stroke

ObjectiveIschemic stroke caused by large artery atherosclerosis (LAA) is a major subtype of ischemic stroke and poses a heavy public health burden. Plasma atherogenic index (AIP) reflects the balance between pro- and anti-atherogenic lipid components and has emerged as a potential biomarker of cardi...

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Main Authors: Wen Zhong, Nini Zhu, Xiaozhu Shen, Zhonglin Ge, Xiguang Liu, Guanghui Zhang, Qi Fang, Jingxian Liao
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-08-01
Series:Frontiers in Neurology
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fneur.2025.1529628/full
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author Wen Zhong
Wen Zhong
Nini Zhu
Nini Zhu
Xiaozhu Shen
Xiaozhu Shen
Zhonglin Ge
Xiguang Liu
Guanghui Zhang
Qi Fang
Jingxian Liao
author_facet Wen Zhong
Wen Zhong
Nini Zhu
Nini Zhu
Xiaozhu Shen
Xiaozhu Shen
Zhonglin Ge
Xiguang Liu
Guanghui Zhang
Qi Fang
Jingxian Liao
author_sort Wen Zhong
collection DOAJ
description ObjectiveIschemic stroke caused by large artery atherosclerosis (LAA) is a major subtype of ischemic stroke and poses a heavy public health burden. Plasma atherogenic index (AIP) reflects the balance between pro- and anti-atherogenic lipid components and has emerged as a potential biomarker of cardiovascular disease. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of AIP in predicting ischemic stroke caused by LAA.MethodsThis retrospective, cross-sectional study involved 2,382 ischemic stroke patients. AIP values were measured, and subjects were further stratified according to AIP levels. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to explore the relationship between AIP and the risk of LAA. Restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis was used to detect the potential non-linear relationship, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to evaluate the predictive ability of AIP. Subgroup analyses were carried out to identify specific populations with a higher risk of LAA.ResultsIndividuals with consistently high levels of AIP were at increased risk of developing LAA, and this risk increased progressively with increasing levels of AIP. RCS analyses showed a threshold of 0.10 for the AIP index, a significant increase in the probability of LAA above this threshold, and a non-linear relationship between AIP and LAA. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that, as a continuous variable, each unit increase in AIP was significantly associated with an elevated risk of LAA. When divided into quartiles, the risk of LAA was higher in Q4 compared with the lowest quartile (Q1), and ROC curve analyses confirmed that AIP had moderate sensitivity and specificity in predicting LAA. Subgroup analyses showed that among individuals with consistently high AIP levels, those aged ≥60 years with a history of diabetes and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) < 3.4 mmol/L were at higher risk of developing LAA.ConclusionHerein, we found that elevated AIP levels are significantly associated with increased LAA risk and are an important biomarker to help identify patients at high risk for LAA.
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spelling doaj-art-9fbc94e834a04947ac8e1b6832f4f3c42025-08-20T03:44:58ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Neurology1664-22952025-08-011610.3389/fneur.2025.15296281529628Association between the atherogenic index of plasma and risk of large-artery atherosclerotic ischemic strokeWen Zhong0Wen Zhong1Nini Zhu2Nini Zhu3Xiaozhu Shen4Xiaozhu Shen5Zhonglin Ge6Xiguang Liu7Guanghui Zhang8Qi Fang9Jingxian Liao10Department of Geriatrics, Lianyungang Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Lianyungang, ChinaDepartment of Geriatrics, Lianyungang Second People’s Hospital, Lianyungang, ChinaDepartment of Geriatrics, Lianyungang Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Lianyungang, ChinaDepartment of Geriatrics, Lianyungang Second People’s Hospital, Lianyungang, ChinaDepartment of Geriatrics, Lianyungang Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Lianyungang, ChinaDepartment of Geriatrics, Lianyungang Second People’s Hospital, Lianyungang, ChinaDepartment of Neurology, Lianyungang Second People’s Hospital, Lianyungang, ChinaDepartment of Neurosurgery, Lianyungang First People's Hospital, Lianyungang, ChinaDepartment of Neurology, The Affiliated Lianyungang Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Lianyungang, ChinaDepartment of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, ChinaDepartment of Geriatrics, Lianyungang Second People’s Hospital, Lianyungang, ChinaObjectiveIschemic stroke caused by large artery atherosclerosis (LAA) is a major subtype of ischemic stroke and poses a heavy public health burden. Plasma atherogenic index (AIP) reflects the balance between pro- and anti-atherogenic lipid components and has emerged as a potential biomarker of cardiovascular disease. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of AIP in predicting ischemic stroke caused by LAA.MethodsThis retrospective, cross-sectional study involved 2,382 ischemic stroke patients. AIP values were measured, and subjects were further stratified according to AIP levels. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to explore the relationship between AIP and the risk of LAA. Restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis was used to detect the potential non-linear relationship, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to evaluate the predictive ability of AIP. Subgroup analyses were carried out to identify specific populations with a higher risk of LAA.ResultsIndividuals with consistently high levels of AIP were at increased risk of developing LAA, and this risk increased progressively with increasing levels of AIP. RCS analyses showed a threshold of 0.10 for the AIP index, a significant increase in the probability of LAA above this threshold, and a non-linear relationship between AIP and LAA. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that, as a continuous variable, each unit increase in AIP was significantly associated with an elevated risk of LAA. When divided into quartiles, the risk of LAA was higher in Q4 compared with the lowest quartile (Q1), and ROC curve analyses confirmed that AIP had moderate sensitivity and specificity in predicting LAA. Subgroup analyses showed that among individuals with consistently high AIP levels, those aged ≥60 years with a history of diabetes and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) < 3.4 mmol/L were at higher risk of developing LAA.ConclusionHerein, we found that elevated AIP levels are significantly associated with increased LAA risk and are an important biomarker to help identify patients at high risk for LAA.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fneur.2025.1529628/fullatherogenic index of plasma (AIP)large artery atherosclerosis (LAA)atherosclerotic ischemic stroke (AIS)risk predictionsupplementary lipid metabolism
spellingShingle Wen Zhong
Wen Zhong
Nini Zhu
Nini Zhu
Xiaozhu Shen
Xiaozhu Shen
Zhonglin Ge
Xiguang Liu
Guanghui Zhang
Qi Fang
Jingxian Liao
Association between the atherogenic index of plasma and risk of large-artery atherosclerotic ischemic stroke
Frontiers in Neurology
atherogenic index of plasma (AIP)
large artery atherosclerosis (LAA)
atherosclerotic ischemic stroke (AIS)
risk prediction
supplementary lipid metabolism
title Association between the atherogenic index of plasma and risk of large-artery atherosclerotic ischemic stroke
title_full Association between the atherogenic index of plasma and risk of large-artery atherosclerotic ischemic stroke
title_fullStr Association between the atherogenic index of plasma and risk of large-artery atherosclerotic ischemic stroke
title_full_unstemmed Association between the atherogenic index of plasma and risk of large-artery atherosclerotic ischemic stroke
title_short Association between the atherogenic index of plasma and risk of large-artery atherosclerotic ischemic stroke
title_sort association between the atherogenic index of plasma and risk of large artery atherosclerotic ischemic stroke
topic atherogenic index of plasma (AIP)
large artery atherosclerosis (LAA)
atherosclerotic ischemic stroke (AIS)
risk prediction
supplementary lipid metabolism
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fneur.2025.1529628/full
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