The cGAS-STING pathway drives neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration via cellular and molecular mechanisms in neurodegenerative diseases

Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) are a type of common chronic progressive disorders characterized by progressive damage to specific cell populations in the nervous system, ultimately leading to disability or death. Effective treatments for these diseases are still lacking, due to a limited understan...

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Main Authors: Yuxin Zhang, Meijuan Zou, Hao Wu, Jie Zhu, Tao Jin
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2024-11-01
Series:Neurobiology of Disease
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0969996124003115
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author Yuxin Zhang
Meijuan Zou
Hao Wu
Jie Zhu
Tao Jin
author_facet Yuxin Zhang
Meijuan Zou
Hao Wu
Jie Zhu
Tao Jin
author_sort Yuxin Zhang
collection DOAJ
description Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) are a type of common chronic progressive disorders characterized by progressive damage to specific cell populations in the nervous system, ultimately leading to disability or death. Effective treatments for these diseases are still lacking, due to a limited understanding of their pathogeneses, which involve multiple cellular and molecular pathways. The triggering of an immune response is a common feature in neurodegenerative disorders. A critical challenge is the intricate interplay between neuroinflammation, neurodegeneration, and immune responses, which are not yet fully characterized. In recent years, the cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)-stimulator of interferon gene (STING) pathway, a crucial immune response for intracellular DNA sensing, has gradually gained attention. However, the specific roles of this pathway within cellular types such as immune cells, glial and neuronal cells, and its contribution to ND pathogenesis, remain not fully elucidated. In this review, we systematically explore how the cGAS-STING signaling links various cell types with related cellular effector pathways under the context of NDs for multifaceted therapeutic directions. We emphasize the discovery of condition-dependent cellular heterogeneity in the cGAS-STING pathway, which is integral for understanding the diverse cellular responses and potential therapeutic targets. Additionally, we review the pathogenic role of cGAS-STING activation in Parkinson's disease, ataxia-telangiectasia, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. We focus on the complex bidirectional roles of the cGAS-STING pathway in Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's disease, and multiple sclerosis, revealing their double-edged nature in disease progression. The objective of this review is to elucidate the pivotal role of the cGAS-STING pathway in ND pathogenesis and catalyze new insights for facilitating the development of novel therapeutic strategies.
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spelling doaj-art-9fa20b027af84044b9f95821e64b72c42024-11-20T05:06:31ZengElsevierNeurobiology of Disease1095-953X2024-11-01202106710The cGAS-STING pathway drives neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration via cellular and molecular mechanisms in neurodegenerative diseasesYuxin Zhang0Meijuan Zou1Hao Wu2Jie Zhu3Tao Jin4Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, ChinaDepartment of Neurology, Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, ChinaDepartment of Neurology, Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, ChinaDepartment of Neurology, Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China; Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences & Society, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, SwedenDepartment of Neurology, Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China; Corresponding author at: Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Xinmin Street 1#, 130021 Changchun, China.Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) are a type of common chronic progressive disorders characterized by progressive damage to specific cell populations in the nervous system, ultimately leading to disability or death. Effective treatments for these diseases are still lacking, due to a limited understanding of their pathogeneses, which involve multiple cellular and molecular pathways. The triggering of an immune response is a common feature in neurodegenerative disorders. A critical challenge is the intricate interplay between neuroinflammation, neurodegeneration, and immune responses, which are not yet fully characterized. In recent years, the cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)-stimulator of interferon gene (STING) pathway, a crucial immune response for intracellular DNA sensing, has gradually gained attention. However, the specific roles of this pathway within cellular types such as immune cells, glial and neuronal cells, and its contribution to ND pathogenesis, remain not fully elucidated. In this review, we systematically explore how the cGAS-STING signaling links various cell types with related cellular effector pathways under the context of NDs for multifaceted therapeutic directions. We emphasize the discovery of condition-dependent cellular heterogeneity in the cGAS-STING pathway, which is integral for understanding the diverse cellular responses and potential therapeutic targets. Additionally, we review the pathogenic role of cGAS-STING activation in Parkinson's disease, ataxia-telangiectasia, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. We focus on the complex bidirectional roles of the cGAS-STING pathway in Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's disease, and multiple sclerosis, revealing their double-edged nature in disease progression. The objective of this review is to elucidate the pivotal role of the cGAS-STING pathway in ND pathogenesis and catalyze new insights for facilitating the development of novel therapeutic strategies.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0969996124003115cGAS-STINGMicrogliaAstrocyteNeuronInnate immune systemAdaptive immune system
spellingShingle Yuxin Zhang
Meijuan Zou
Hao Wu
Jie Zhu
Tao Jin
The cGAS-STING pathway drives neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration via cellular and molecular mechanisms in neurodegenerative diseases
Neurobiology of Disease
cGAS-STING
Microglia
Astrocyte
Neuron
Innate immune system
Adaptive immune system
title The cGAS-STING pathway drives neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration via cellular and molecular mechanisms in neurodegenerative diseases
title_full The cGAS-STING pathway drives neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration via cellular and molecular mechanisms in neurodegenerative diseases
title_fullStr The cGAS-STING pathway drives neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration via cellular and molecular mechanisms in neurodegenerative diseases
title_full_unstemmed The cGAS-STING pathway drives neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration via cellular and molecular mechanisms in neurodegenerative diseases
title_short The cGAS-STING pathway drives neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration via cellular and molecular mechanisms in neurodegenerative diseases
title_sort cgas sting pathway drives neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration via cellular and molecular mechanisms in neurodegenerative diseases
topic cGAS-STING
Microglia
Astrocyte
Neuron
Innate immune system
Adaptive immune system
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0969996124003115
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