Refined power follower strategy for enhancing the performance of hybrid energy storage systems in electric vehicles
Hybrid energy storage systems (HESS), combining lithium-ion batteries and supercapacitors (SC), are increasingly used in electric vehicles (EVs) to leverage the high energy density of batteries with the high-power density of SC. Effective operation of HESS relies on an energy management strategy (EM...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Elsevier
2025-03-01
|
| Series: | Results in Engineering |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590123025000489 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1841553838393262080 |
|---|---|
| author | Mohammad Al Takrouri Nik Rumzi Nik Idris Mohd Junaidi Abdul Aziz Razman Ayop Wen Yao Low |
| author_facet | Mohammad Al Takrouri Nik Rumzi Nik Idris Mohd Junaidi Abdul Aziz Razman Ayop Wen Yao Low |
| author_sort | Mohammad Al Takrouri |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Hybrid energy storage systems (HESS), combining lithium-ion batteries and supercapacitors (SC), are increasingly used in electric vehicles (EVs) to leverage the high energy density of batteries with the high-power density of SC. Effective operation of HESS relies on an energy management strategy (EMS) that efficiently balances power distribution. The standard power follower (PF) EMS is widely used but can induce abrupt battery current changes, impacting battery health. This study introduces a refined PF EMS employing an exponential smoothing function with a single adjustable parameter to stabilize SC reference power, reducing abrupt transitions in battery current. A comprehensive evaluation was conducted through both large-scale simulations and small-scale experimental setups. Simulations, using a tuned smoothing factor of α = 0.03, demonstrated that the refined EMS achieved balanced performance across various sdriving cycles, with RMS battery current reductions of approximately 4.5 % in the new European driving cycle (NEDC) and 2.2 % in the worldwide harmonized light vehicles test cycle (WLTC). Experimental validation on a small-scale setup verified these improvements, demonstrating a reduction in peak battery current to 0.674 A, which outperforms the original PF (0.754 A) and FS (1.297 A) methods. Additionally, the proposed EMS achieved an 18.73 % reduction in RMS battery current compared to the original PF while maintaining a balanced rate of change (ROC) at 208.21 A/s. These findings emphasize the refined EMS's potential to enhance battery lifespan and energy efficiency, offering a practical and scalable solution for EV applications. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-9f9559b1b8d0468c86ddcb80ea44bdac |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2590-1230 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-03-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Results in Engineering |
| spelling | doaj-art-9f9559b1b8d0468c86ddcb80ea44bdac2025-01-09T06:14:33ZengElsevierResults in Engineering2590-12302025-03-0125103960Refined power follower strategy for enhancing the performance of hybrid energy storage systems in electric vehiclesMohammad Al Takrouri0Nik Rumzi Nik Idris1Mohd Junaidi Abdul Aziz2Razman Ayop3Wen Yao Low4Power Electronics and Drive Research Group (PEDG), Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, 81310, Johor, MalaysiaPower Electronics and Drive Research Group (PEDG), Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, 81310, Johor, MalaysiaCorresponding author.; Power Electronics and Drive Research Group (PEDG), Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, 81310, Johor, MalaysiaPower Electronics and Drive Research Group (PEDG), Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, 81310, Johor, MalaysiaPower Electronics and Drive Research Group (PEDG), Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, 81310, Johor, MalaysiaHybrid energy storage systems (HESS), combining lithium-ion batteries and supercapacitors (SC), are increasingly used in electric vehicles (EVs) to leverage the high energy density of batteries with the high-power density of SC. Effective operation of HESS relies on an energy management strategy (EMS) that efficiently balances power distribution. The standard power follower (PF) EMS is widely used but can induce abrupt battery current changes, impacting battery health. This study introduces a refined PF EMS employing an exponential smoothing function with a single adjustable parameter to stabilize SC reference power, reducing abrupt transitions in battery current. A comprehensive evaluation was conducted through both large-scale simulations and small-scale experimental setups. Simulations, using a tuned smoothing factor of α = 0.03, demonstrated that the refined EMS achieved balanced performance across various sdriving cycles, with RMS battery current reductions of approximately 4.5 % in the new European driving cycle (NEDC) and 2.2 % in the worldwide harmonized light vehicles test cycle (WLTC). Experimental validation on a small-scale setup verified these improvements, demonstrating a reduction in peak battery current to 0.674 A, which outperforms the original PF (0.754 A) and FS (1.297 A) methods. Additionally, the proposed EMS achieved an 18.73 % reduction in RMS battery current compared to the original PF while maintaining a balanced rate of change (ROC) at 208.21 A/s. These findings emphasize the refined EMS's potential to enhance battery lifespan and energy efficiency, offering a practical and scalable solution for EV applications.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590123025000489Energy management strategyHybrid energy storage systemSupercapacitor |
| spellingShingle | Mohammad Al Takrouri Nik Rumzi Nik Idris Mohd Junaidi Abdul Aziz Razman Ayop Wen Yao Low Refined power follower strategy for enhancing the performance of hybrid energy storage systems in electric vehicles Results in Engineering Energy management strategy Hybrid energy storage system Supercapacitor |
| title | Refined power follower strategy for enhancing the performance of hybrid energy storage systems in electric vehicles |
| title_full | Refined power follower strategy for enhancing the performance of hybrid energy storage systems in electric vehicles |
| title_fullStr | Refined power follower strategy for enhancing the performance of hybrid energy storage systems in electric vehicles |
| title_full_unstemmed | Refined power follower strategy for enhancing the performance of hybrid energy storage systems in electric vehicles |
| title_short | Refined power follower strategy for enhancing the performance of hybrid energy storage systems in electric vehicles |
| title_sort | refined power follower strategy for enhancing the performance of hybrid energy storage systems in electric vehicles |
| topic | Energy management strategy Hybrid energy storage system Supercapacitor |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590123025000489 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT mohammadaltakrouri refinedpowerfollowerstrategyforenhancingtheperformanceofhybridenergystoragesystemsinelectricvehicles AT nikrumzinikidris refinedpowerfollowerstrategyforenhancingtheperformanceofhybridenergystoragesystemsinelectricvehicles AT mohdjunaidiabdulaziz refinedpowerfollowerstrategyforenhancingtheperformanceofhybridenergystoragesystemsinelectricvehicles AT razmanayop refinedpowerfollowerstrategyforenhancingtheperformanceofhybridenergystoragesystemsinelectricvehicles AT wenyaolow refinedpowerfollowerstrategyforenhancingtheperformanceofhybridenergystoragesystemsinelectricvehicles |