Can Bacteriophages Be Effectively Utilized for Disinfection in Animal-Derived Food Products? A Systematic Review

Food safety is a paramount public health concern, particularly with the rise of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria. This systematic review explores the efficacy of bacteriophages as a novel and environmentally sustainable approach to controlling multi-resistant and non-resistant bacterial pathogens in...

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Main Authors: Rafail Fokas, Zoi Kotsiri, Apostolos Vantarakis
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-03-01
Series:Pathogens
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/14/3/291
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author Rafail Fokas
Zoi Kotsiri
Apostolos Vantarakis
author_facet Rafail Fokas
Zoi Kotsiri
Apostolos Vantarakis
author_sort Rafail Fokas
collection DOAJ
description Food safety is a paramount public health concern, particularly with the rise of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria. This systematic review explores the efficacy of bacteriophages as a novel and environmentally sustainable approach to controlling multi-resistant and non-resistant bacterial pathogens in animal-derived food products. Following PRISMA guidelines, data from multiple studies were synthesized to evaluate bacteriophage applications across diverse food matrices, including beef, poultry, seafood, and dairy. The findings highlight significant variability in bacteriophage efficacy, influenced by factors such as food matrix properties, bacterial strains, and application methods. Phage cocktails and their combination with thermal treatments consistently demonstrated superior bacterial reduction compared to single-phage applications, which yielded variable results. Interestingly, the absence of a clear dose-response relationship underscores the need for a more detailed understanding of phage-host interactions and environmental influences. This review addresses a critical gap in the literature by advocating for matrix-specific, targeted phage applications over generalized approaches. Additionally, it underscores the transformative potential of bacteriophages as sustainable alternatives to chemical disinfectants in modern food safety practices. These insights provide a framework for future research aimed at optimizing bacteriophage efficacy and scaling their application in real-world food production systems.
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spelling doaj-art-9f5726f6fd6f4557ab86f305df9e6ea22025-08-20T03:43:20ZengMDPI AGPathogens2076-08172025-03-0114329110.3390/pathogens14030291Can Bacteriophages Be Effectively Utilized for Disinfection in Animal-Derived Food Products? A Systematic ReviewRafail Fokas0Zoi Kotsiri1Apostolos Vantarakis2Department of Public Health, Medical School, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, GreeceDepartment of Public Health, Medical School, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, GreeceDepartment of Public Health, Medical School, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, GreeceFood safety is a paramount public health concern, particularly with the rise of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria. This systematic review explores the efficacy of bacteriophages as a novel and environmentally sustainable approach to controlling multi-resistant and non-resistant bacterial pathogens in animal-derived food products. Following PRISMA guidelines, data from multiple studies were synthesized to evaluate bacteriophage applications across diverse food matrices, including beef, poultry, seafood, and dairy. The findings highlight significant variability in bacteriophage efficacy, influenced by factors such as food matrix properties, bacterial strains, and application methods. Phage cocktails and their combination with thermal treatments consistently demonstrated superior bacterial reduction compared to single-phage applications, which yielded variable results. Interestingly, the absence of a clear dose-response relationship underscores the need for a more detailed understanding of phage-host interactions and environmental influences. This review addresses a critical gap in the literature by advocating for matrix-specific, targeted phage applications over generalized approaches. Additionally, it underscores the transformative potential of bacteriophages as sustainable alternatives to chemical disinfectants in modern food safety practices. These insights provide a framework for future research aimed at optimizing bacteriophage efficacy and scaling their application in real-world food production systems.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/14/3/291bacteriophagesfood pathogensfood safetydisinfectionfood qualityfood hygiene
spellingShingle Rafail Fokas
Zoi Kotsiri
Apostolos Vantarakis
Can Bacteriophages Be Effectively Utilized for Disinfection in Animal-Derived Food Products? A Systematic Review
Pathogens
bacteriophages
food pathogens
food safety
disinfection
food quality
food hygiene
title Can Bacteriophages Be Effectively Utilized for Disinfection in Animal-Derived Food Products? A Systematic Review
title_full Can Bacteriophages Be Effectively Utilized for Disinfection in Animal-Derived Food Products? A Systematic Review
title_fullStr Can Bacteriophages Be Effectively Utilized for Disinfection in Animal-Derived Food Products? A Systematic Review
title_full_unstemmed Can Bacteriophages Be Effectively Utilized for Disinfection in Animal-Derived Food Products? A Systematic Review
title_short Can Bacteriophages Be Effectively Utilized for Disinfection in Animal-Derived Food Products? A Systematic Review
title_sort can bacteriophages be effectively utilized for disinfection in animal derived food products a systematic review
topic bacteriophages
food pathogens
food safety
disinfection
food quality
food hygiene
url https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/14/3/291
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AT zoikotsiri canbacteriophagesbeeffectivelyutilizedfordisinfectioninanimalderivedfoodproductsasystematicreview
AT apostolosvantarakis canbacteriophagesbeeffectivelyutilizedfordisinfectioninanimalderivedfoodproductsasystematicreview