Enhancing the accuracy of seismic velocity in near-surface layers through Laplacian spectra analysis of weighted graphs

Abstract Shallow seismic surveys can play an important role in sustainable urban planning as well as monitoring of geological changes, contributing to climate resilience and the sustainable management of terrestrial ecosystems. A typical seismic layout involves devices (essentially senders and recei...

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Main Authors: Monther R. Alfuraidan, Abdullatif A. Al-Shuhail, Sherif M. Hanafy, Ibrahim O. Sarumi
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-05-01
Series:Scientific Reports
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-00107-1
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author Monther R. Alfuraidan
Abdullatif A. Al-Shuhail
Sherif M. Hanafy
Ibrahim O. Sarumi
author_facet Monther R. Alfuraidan
Abdullatif A. Al-Shuhail
Sherif M. Hanafy
Ibrahim O. Sarumi
author_sort Monther R. Alfuraidan
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Shallow seismic surveys can play an important role in sustainable urban planning as well as monitoring of geological changes, contributing to climate resilience and the sustainable management of terrestrial ecosystems. A typical seismic layout involves devices (essentially senders and receivers) that transmit signals among themselves. Such layouts can be modeled by a graph using the notions of vertices and edges. In this paper, we propose a regression model to estimate seismic velocity in common near surface settings from spectra data of the normalized Laplacian matrix of the graph representing the seismic layout. The method is validated through tests on both synthetic and real seismic datasets, demonstrating exceptional accuracy. For the synthetic dataset, our model achieved about 99 % accuracy in velocity estimation. Remarkably, when applied to a real dataset acquired over a sabkha (salty soil) in eastern Saudi Arabia, it estimated the second layer’s velocity within 0.3% of the value determined by traditional methods, performed by an experienced geophysicist. In comparison to conventional velocity analysis approaches, the proposed method requires only one or few traces. In addition, it does not require picking of first arrivals, which can be costly and often inaccurate.
format Article
id doaj-art-9f1a2297886d4d3fb43e76ddd59a1f18
institution Kabale University
issn 2045-2322
language English
publishDate 2025-05-01
publisher Nature Portfolio
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spelling doaj-art-9f1a2297886d4d3fb43e76ddd59a1f182025-08-20T03:52:24ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-05-0115111910.1038/s41598-025-00107-1Enhancing the accuracy of seismic velocity in near-surface layers through Laplacian spectra analysis of weighted graphsMonther R. Alfuraidan0Abdullatif A. Al-Shuhail1Sherif M. Hanafy2Ibrahim O. Sarumi3Department of Mathematics, King Fahd University of Petroleum & MineralsGeosciences Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum & MineralsGeosciences Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum & MineralsDepartment of Mathematics, King Fahd University of Petroleum & MineralsAbstract Shallow seismic surveys can play an important role in sustainable urban planning as well as monitoring of geological changes, contributing to climate resilience and the sustainable management of terrestrial ecosystems. A typical seismic layout involves devices (essentially senders and receivers) that transmit signals among themselves. Such layouts can be modeled by a graph using the notions of vertices and edges. In this paper, we propose a regression model to estimate seismic velocity in common near surface settings from spectra data of the normalized Laplacian matrix of the graph representing the seismic layout. The method is validated through tests on both synthetic and real seismic datasets, demonstrating exceptional accuracy. For the synthetic dataset, our model achieved about 99 % accuracy in velocity estimation. Remarkably, when applied to a real dataset acquired over a sabkha (salty soil) in eastern Saudi Arabia, it estimated the second layer’s velocity within 0.3% of the value determined by traditional methods, performed by an experienced geophysicist. In comparison to conventional velocity analysis approaches, the proposed method requires only one or few traces. In addition, it does not require picking of first arrivals, which can be costly and often inaccurate.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-00107-1Seismic velocitySeismic migrationNormalized LaplacianGraph spectrum
spellingShingle Monther R. Alfuraidan
Abdullatif A. Al-Shuhail
Sherif M. Hanafy
Ibrahim O. Sarumi
Enhancing the accuracy of seismic velocity in near-surface layers through Laplacian spectra analysis of weighted graphs
Scientific Reports
Seismic velocity
Seismic migration
Normalized Laplacian
Graph spectrum
title Enhancing the accuracy of seismic velocity in near-surface layers through Laplacian spectra analysis of weighted graphs
title_full Enhancing the accuracy of seismic velocity in near-surface layers through Laplacian spectra analysis of weighted graphs
title_fullStr Enhancing the accuracy of seismic velocity in near-surface layers through Laplacian spectra analysis of weighted graphs
title_full_unstemmed Enhancing the accuracy of seismic velocity in near-surface layers through Laplacian spectra analysis of weighted graphs
title_short Enhancing the accuracy of seismic velocity in near-surface layers through Laplacian spectra analysis of weighted graphs
title_sort enhancing the accuracy of seismic velocity in near surface layers through laplacian spectra analysis of weighted graphs
topic Seismic velocity
Seismic migration
Normalized Laplacian
Graph spectrum
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-00107-1
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AT abdullatifaalshuhail enhancingtheaccuracyofseismicvelocityinnearsurfacelayersthroughlaplacianspectraanalysisofweightedgraphs
AT sherifmhanafy enhancingtheaccuracyofseismicvelocityinnearsurfacelayersthroughlaplacianspectraanalysisofweightedgraphs
AT ibrahimosarumi enhancingtheaccuracyofseismicvelocityinnearsurfacelayersthroughlaplacianspectraanalysisofweightedgraphs