Investigation of the Effects of Hydrogen Addition on Explosion Characteristics and Pressure Fluctuations of Ethyl Acetate

This study systematically explored the characteristics of explosion and pressure fluctuations of ethyl acetate (EA)/hydrogen (H<sub>2</sub>)/air mixtures under different initial pressures (1–3 bar), H<sub>2</sub> fractions (4%, 8%, 12%), and equivalence ratios of EA (0.5–1.4)...

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Main Authors: Ce Liang, Xiaolu Li, Cangsu Xu, Francis Oppong, Yangan Bao, Yuan Chen, Yuntang Li, Bingqing Wang, Jiangqin Ge
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-11-01
Series:Energies
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/17/23/5970
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author Ce Liang
Xiaolu Li
Cangsu Xu
Francis Oppong
Yangan Bao
Yuan Chen
Yuntang Li
Bingqing Wang
Jiangqin Ge
author_facet Ce Liang
Xiaolu Li
Cangsu Xu
Francis Oppong
Yangan Bao
Yuan Chen
Yuntang Li
Bingqing Wang
Jiangqin Ge
author_sort Ce Liang
collection DOAJ
description This study systematically explored the characteristics of explosion and pressure fluctuations of ethyl acetate (EA)/hydrogen (H<sub>2</sub>)/air mixtures under different initial pressures (1–3 bar), H<sub>2</sub> fractions (4%, 8%, 12%), and equivalence ratios of EA (0.5–1.4). The flame images indicated that a higher pressure, a higher H<sub>2</sub> fraction, and a higher equivalence ratio could cause flame instability. An analysis of the dimensionless growth rate indicated that the flame instability was impacted by both thermal diffusion and hydrodynamic effects. The results also indicated that a higher initial pressure or H<sub>2</sub> fraction could accelerate the combustion reaction and increase the explosion pressure and deflagration index. The maximum values were observed at 21.841 bar and 184.153 bar·m/s. However, their effects on explosion duration and heat release characteristics differed between lean and rich mixtures. Additionally, this study examined pressure fluctuations in both the time and frequency domains. The findings indicated a strong correlation between pressure fluctuation and flame instability. Modifying the H<sub>2</sub> fraction and equivalence ratio to enhance flame stability proved effective in reducing pressure fluctuation amplitude. This study offers guidance for evaluating explosion risks associated with EA/H<sub>2</sub>/air mixtures and for designing related combustion devices.
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institution Kabale University
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publishDate 2024-11-01
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series Energies
spelling doaj-art-9eabcee1517c40c4801ad9a2e56b05312024-12-13T16:25:36ZengMDPI AGEnergies1996-10732024-11-011723597010.3390/en17235970Investigation of the Effects of Hydrogen Addition on Explosion Characteristics and Pressure Fluctuations of Ethyl AcetateCe Liang0Xiaolu Li1Cangsu Xu2Francis Oppong3Yangan Bao4Yuan Chen5Yuntang Li6Bingqing Wang7Jiangqin Ge8College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, ChinaCollege of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, ChinaCollege of Energy Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, ChinaCollege of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, ChinaCollege of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, ChinaCollege of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, ChinaCollege of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, ChinaCollege of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, ChinaCollege of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, ChinaThis study systematically explored the characteristics of explosion and pressure fluctuations of ethyl acetate (EA)/hydrogen (H<sub>2</sub>)/air mixtures under different initial pressures (1–3 bar), H<sub>2</sub> fractions (4%, 8%, 12%), and equivalence ratios of EA (0.5–1.4). The flame images indicated that a higher pressure, a higher H<sub>2</sub> fraction, and a higher equivalence ratio could cause flame instability. An analysis of the dimensionless growth rate indicated that the flame instability was impacted by both thermal diffusion and hydrodynamic effects. The results also indicated that a higher initial pressure or H<sub>2</sub> fraction could accelerate the combustion reaction and increase the explosion pressure and deflagration index. The maximum values were observed at 21.841 bar and 184.153 bar·m/s. However, their effects on explosion duration and heat release characteristics differed between lean and rich mixtures. Additionally, this study examined pressure fluctuations in both the time and frequency domains. The findings indicated a strong correlation between pressure fluctuation and flame instability. Modifying the H<sub>2</sub> fraction and equivalence ratio to enhance flame stability proved effective in reducing pressure fluctuation amplitude. This study offers guidance for evaluating explosion risks associated with EA/H<sub>2</sub>/air mixtures and for designing related combustion devices.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/17/23/5970ethyl acetate (EA)hydrogen additionexplosion characteristicsflame instabilitypressure fluctuationsdeflagration index
spellingShingle Ce Liang
Xiaolu Li
Cangsu Xu
Francis Oppong
Yangan Bao
Yuan Chen
Yuntang Li
Bingqing Wang
Jiangqin Ge
Investigation of the Effects of Hydrogen Addition on Explosion Characteristics and Pressure Fluctuations of Ethyl Acetate
Energies
ethyl acetate (EA)
hydrogen addition
explosion characteristics
flame instability
pressure fluctuations
deflagration index
title Investigation of the Effects of Hydrogen Addition on Explosion Characteristics and Pressure Fluctuations of Ethyl Acetate
title_full Investigation of the Effects of Hydrogen Addition on Explosion Characteristics and Pressure Fluctuations of Ethyl Acetate
title_fullStr Investigation of the Effects of Hydrogen Addition on Explosion Characteristics and Pressure Fluctuations of Ethyl Acetate
title_full_unstemmed Investigation of the Effects of Hydrogen Addition on Explosion Characteristics and Pressure Fluctuations of Ethyl Acetate
title_short Investigation of the Effects of Hydrogen Addition on Explosion Characteristics and Pressure Fluctuations of Ethyl Acetate
title_sort investigation of the effects of hydrogen addition on explosion characteristics and pressure fluctuations of ethyl acetate
topic ethyl acetate (EA)
hydrogen addition
explosion characteristics
flame instability
pressure fluctuations
deflagration index
url https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/17/23/5970
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