Relationship between Microscopic Agglutination Test and Real-Time PCR Assay for Detection of Seropositivity of Pathogenic <i>Leptospira</i> Infections in Cattle in Chile: A Pilot Study
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| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Compuscript Ltd
2025-03-01
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| Series: | Zoonoses |
| Online Access: | https://www.scienceopen.com/hosted-document?doi=10.15212/ZOONOSES-2025-0003 |
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| Summary: | <div xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="section">
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<h5 class="section-title" id="d1449481e141">Objectives:</h5>
<p dir="auto" id="d1449481e143">This study was aimed at evaluating the relationship between microscopic agglutination
test (MAT) seropositivity and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) reactivity
in cattle. An additional objective was assessment of the diagnostic value of both
tests in detecting seropositivity and infection caused by pathogenic
<i>Leptospira</i>.
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<h5 class="section-title" id="d1449481e149">Methods:</h5>
<p dir="auto" id="d1449481e151">Blood and urine samples were collected from 61 bovines in the Los Lagos region of
Chile. The MAT detected a panel of eight
<i>Leptospira</i> serogroups, whereas real-time PCR was conducted with a TaqMan probe targeting the
<i>Leptospira</i> lipL32 gene.
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<h5 class="section-title" id="d1449481e160">Results:</h5>
<p dir="auto" id="d1449481e162">The seropositivity rate for pathogenic
<i>Leptospira</i> was 39.3% (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 27.04–51.57) according to the MAT, and
<i>Tarassovi</i> and
<i>Sejroe</i> were the most frequently detected serogroups. The antibody titers ranged from 1:200
to 1:800. The positivity rate determined with real-time PCR was 29.5% (95% CI, 18.05–40.94),
and the leptospiral concentrations ranged from 1.07 to 12,500 leptospires per milliliter
urine. Among the 24 animals with MAT-reactive serum samples, 18 also had urine samples
with positive real-time PCR results; thus 75% of animals had positive results with
both techniques. The kappa coefficient between tests of 0.784 (95% CI, 0.539–1.0)
indicated substantial agreement. The sensitivity and specificity of real-time PCR
versus MAT were 75.0% (95% CI, 57.7–92.3) and 100%, respectively. The positive and
negative predictive values were 100% and 86.7% (95% CI, 75.7–96.4), respectively.
</p>
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<h5 class="section-title" id="d1449481e174">Conclusion:</h5>
<p dir="auto" id="d1449481e176">The results demonstrated the complementary nature of MAT and real-time PCR analyses
in diagnosing bovine leptospirosis: combined use of both tests enhanced diagnostic
accuracy. Real-time PCR detected
<i>Leptospira</i> infection and bacterial renal excretion, thus providing insights into the presence
and extent of environmental contamination, whereas the MAT identified seropositivity,
antibody titers, and the serogroups associated with infection.
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| ISSN: | 2737-7466 2737-7474 |