Comparative Planetology of Magnetic Effects in Ultrahot Jupiters: Trends in High-resolution Spectroscopy

Ultrahot Jupiters (UHJs), being the hottest class of exoplanets known, provide a unique laboratory for testing atmospheric interactions with internal planetary magnetic fields at a large range of temperatures. Thermal ionization of atmospheric species on the dayside of these planets results in charg...

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Main Authors: Hayley Beltz, Emily Rauscher
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: IOP Publishing 2024-01-01
Series:The Astrophysical Journal
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad7ded
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author Hayley Beltz
Emily Rauscher
author_facet Hayley Beltz
Emily Rauscher
author_sort Hayley Beltz
collection DOAJ
description Ultrahot Jupiters (UHJs), being the hottest class of exoplanets known, provide a unique laboratory for testing atmospheric interactions with internal planetary magnetic fields at a large range of temperatures. Thermal ionization of atmospheric species on the dayside of these planets results in charged particles becoming embedded in the planet’s mostly neutral wind. The charges will resist flow across magnetic field lines as they are dragged around the planet and ultimately alter the circulation pattern of the atmosphere. We model this process to study this effect on high-resolution emission and transmission spectra in order to identify observational signatures of the magnetic circulation regime that exist across multiple UHJs. Using a state-of-the-art kinematic MHD/active drag approach in a 3D atmospheric model, we simulate three different UHJs with and without magnetic effects. We postprocess these models to generate high-resolution emission and transmission spectra and explore trends in the net Doppler shift as a function of phase. In emission spectra, we find that the net Doppler shift before and after secondary eclipse can be influenced by the presence of magnetic drag and the wavelength choice. Trends in transmission spectra show our active drag models consistently produce a unique shape in their Doppler shift trends that differs from the models without active drag. This work is a critical theoretical step to understanding how magnetic fields shape the atmospheres of UHJs and provides some of the first predictions in high-resolution spectroscopy for observing these effects.
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spelling doaj-art-9dc3b2d6951a40fca07371f650b537122024-11-12T11:00:31ZengIOP PublishingThe Astrophysical Journal1538-43572024-01-0197613210.3847/1538-4357/ad7dedComparative Planetology of Magnetic Effects in Ultrahot Jupiters: Trends in High-resolution SpectroscopyHayley Beltz0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6980-052XEmily Rauscher1https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3963-9672Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland , College Park, MD 20742, USA ; hbeltz@umd.eduDepartment of Astronomy, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USAUltrahot Jupiters (UHJs), being the hottest class of exoplanets known, provide a unique laboratory for testing atmospheric interactions with internal planetary magnetic fields at a large range of temperatures. Thermal ionization of atmospheric species on the dayside of these planets results in charged particles becoming embedded in the planet’s mostly neutral wind. The charges will resist flow across magnetic field lines as they are dragged around the planet and ultimately alter the circulation pattern of the atmosphere. We model this process to study this effect on high-resolution emission and transmission spectra in order to identify observational signatures of the magnetic circulation regime that exist across multiple UHJs. Using a state-of-the-art kinematic MHD/active drag approach in a 3D atmospheric model, we simulate three different UHJs with and without magnetic effects. We postprocess these models to generate high-resolution emission and transmission spectra and explore trends in the net Doppler shift as a function of phase. In emission spectra, we find that the net Doppler shift before and after secondary eclipse can be influenced by the presence of magnetic drag and the wavelength choice. Trends in transmission spectra show our active drag models consistently produce a unique shape in their Doppler shift trends that differs from the models without active drag. This work is a critical theoretical step to understanding how magnetic fields shape the atmospheres of UHJs and provides some of the first predictions in high-resolution spectroscopy for observing these effects.https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad7dedExoplanet atmospheresExoplanet atmospheric dynamicsHot JupitersMagnetohydrodynamical simulations
spellingShingle Hayley Beltz
Emily Rauscher
Comparative Planetology of Magnetic Effects in Ultrahot Jupiters: Trends in High-resolution Spectroscopy
The Astrophysical Journal
Exoplanet atmospheres
Exoplanet atmospheric dynamics
Hot Jupiters
Magnetohydrodynamical simulations
title Comparative Planetology of Magnetic Effects in Ultrahot Jupiters: Trends in High-resolution Spectroscopy
title_full Comparative Planetology of Magnetic Effects in Ultrahot Jupiters: Trends in High-resolution Spectroscopy
title_fullStr Comparative Planetology of Magnetic Effects in Ultrahot Jupiters: Trends in High-resolution Spectroscopy
title_full_unstemmed Comparative Planetology of Magnetic Effects in Ultrahot Jupiters: Trends in High-resolution Spectroscopy
title_short Comparative Planetology of Magnetic Effects in Ultrahot Jupiters: Trends in High-resolution Spectroscopy
title_sort comparative planetology of magnetic effects in ultrahot jupiters trends in high resolution spectroscopy
topic Exoplanet atmospheres
Exoplanet atmospheric dynamics
Hot Jupiters
Magnetohydrodynamical simulations
url https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad7ded
work_keys_str_mv AT hayleybeltz comparativeplanetologyofmagneticeffectsinultrahotjupiterstrendsinhighresolutionspectroscopy
AT emilyrauscher comparativeplanetologyofmagneticeffectsinultrahotjupiterstrendsinhighresolutionspectroscopy