Early Stages of Bacterial Colonization Development After <em>Xanthomonas campestris</em> Seed Inoculation in Selected <em>Brassica</em> Species

This study investigates <i>Xanthomonas campestris</i> pv. <i>campestris</i> (Xcc) incidence rates in cabbage, kale, and kohlrabi, focusing on the roots and stems over a 15-day period after sowing. Seeds were inoculated with Xcc, and infection levels were monitored using confo...

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Main Authors: Vojtěch Ferby, Lucia Nedorost Ragasová, Jakub Pečenka, Agnieszka Sękara, Robert Pokluda
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-12-01
Series:Horticulturae
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2311-7524/10/12/1307
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author Vojtěch Ferby
Lucia Nedorost Ragasová
Jakub Pečenka
Agnieszka Sękara
Robert Pokluda
author_facet Vojtěch Ferby
Lucia Nedorost Ragasová
Jakub Pečenka
Agnieszka Sękara
Robert Pokluda
author_sort Vojtěch Ferby
collection DOAJ
description This study investigates <i>Xanthomonas campestris</i> pv. <i>campestris</i> (Xcc) incidence rates in cabbage, kale, and kohlrabi, focusing on the roots and stems over a 15-day period after sowing. Seeds were inoculated with Xcc, and infection levels were monitored using confocal microscopy combined with fluorescence in situ hybridization. Significant differences in incidence rates were observed across the 15 days using a scale from 0 to 5 (0–100% incidence). Kale exhibited the highest mean incidence rates in roots (3.64), while cabbage and kohlrabi showed greater variability (3.4–3.44). Stem infections were more severe, with kale showing the highest mean levels (4.16), followed by kohlrabi (4.0), and cabbage (3.68). In cabbage roots, incidence rates increased until day 11, after which a significant decline was noted, whereas stem Xcc incidence rates remained stable. Kale roots peaked on day 9, with significant fluctuations on days 13 and 15. Kohlrabi displayed moderate, stable root incidence rates over the 15-day period. In stems, kohlrabi showed a significant increase on day 11, followed by a drop on day 15. Regression analysis revealed a significant positive linear correlation between incidence rate and days of observation in kohlrabi roots. However, no significant trends were observed in stem infections across all species, where incidence rates were high and stable from day 7 onwards. Newly acquired data indicate that the incidence rate of Xcc development depends on the type of vegetable. However, the bacterial occurrence in the root parts does not always correspond with the intensity of Xcc colonization in the stem section of the plants. Even at lower levels of Xcc occurrence in the roots, damage to the vascular bundles can be fatal. These findings offer valuable insights into Xcc infection dynamics, contributing to improved disease management strategies for <i>Brassica</i> crops.
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issn 2311-7524
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publishDate 2024-12-01
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series Horticulturae
spelling doaj-art-9bbea4c761db4ad89373a171a7c0a7a92024-12-27T14:29:15ZengMDPI AGHorticulturae2311-75242024-12-011012130710.3390/horticulturae10121307Early Stages of Bacterial Colonization Development After <em>Xanthomonas campestris</em> Seed Inoculation in Selected <em>Brassica</em> SpeciesVojtěch Ferby0Lucia Nedorost Ragasová1Jakub Pečenka2Agnieszka Sękara3Robert Pokluda4Department of Vegetable Science and Floriculture, Faculty of Horticulture, Mendel University in Brno, Valtická 337, 691 44 Lednice, Czech RepublicDepartment of Vegetable Science and Floriculture, Faculty of Horticulture, Mendel University in Brno, Valtická 337, 691 44 Lednice, Czech RepublicMendeleum—Institute of Genetics, Faculty of Horticulture, Mendel University in Brno, Valtická 337, 691 44 Lednice, Czech RepublicDepartment of Horticulture, Faculty of Biotechnology and Horticulture, University of Agriculture in Krakow, 31425 Krakow, PolandDepartment of Vegetable Science and Floriculture, Faculty of Horticulture, Mendel University in Brno, Valtická 337, 691 44 Lednice, Czech RepublicThis study investigates <i>Xanthomonas campestris</i> pv. <i>campestris</i> (Xcc) incidence rates in cabbage, kale, and kohlrabi, focusing on the roots and stems over a 15-day period after sowing. Seeds were inoculated with Xcc, and infection levels were monitored using confocal microscopy combined with fluorescence in situ hybridization. Significant differences in incidence rates were observed across the 15 days using a scale from 0 to 5 (0–100% incidence). Kale exhibited the highest mean incidence rates in roots (3.64), while cabbage and kohlrabi showed greater variability (3.4–3.44). Stem infections were more severe, with kale showing the highest mean levels (4.16), followed by kohlrabi (4.0), and cabbage (3.68). In cabbage roots, incidence rates increased until day 11, after which a significant decline was noted, whereas stem Xcc incidence rates remained stable. Kale roots peaked on day 9, with significant fluctuations on days 13 and 15. Kohlrabi displayed moderate, stable root incidence rates over the 15-day period. In stems, kohlrabi showed a significant increase on day 11, followed by a drop on day 15. Regression analysis revealed a significant positive linear correlation between incidence rate and days of observation in kohlrabi roots. However, no significant trends were observed in stem infections across all species, where incidence rates were high and stable from day 7 onwards. Newly acquired data indicate that the incidence rate of Xcc development depends on the type of vegetable. However, the bacterial occurrence in the root parts does not always correspond with the intensity of Xcc colonization in the stem section of the plants. Even at lower levels of Xcc occurrence in the roots, damage to the vascular bundles can be fatal. These findings offer valuable insights into Xcc infection dynamics, contributing to improved disease management strategies for <i>Brassica</i> crops.https://www.mdpi.com/2311-7524/10/12/1307black rot diseasecabbagekalekohlrabiconfocal microscopy
spellingShingle Vojtěch Ferby
Lucia Nedorost Ragasová
Jakub Pečenka
Agnieszka Sękara
Robert Pokluda
Early Stages of Bacterial Colonization Development After <em>Xanthomonas campestris</em> Seed Inoculation in Selected <em>Brassica</em> Species
Horticulturae
black rot disease
cabbage
kale
kohlrabi
confocal microscopy
title Early Stages of Bacterial Colonization Development After <em>Xanthomonas campestris</em> Seed Inoculation in Selected <em>Brassica</em> Species
title_full Early Stages of Bacterial Colonization Development After <em>Xanthomonas campestris</em> Seed Inoculation in Selected <em>Brassica</em> Species
title_fullStr Early Stages of Bacterial Colonization Development After <em>Xanthomonas campestris</em> Seed Inoculation in Selected <em>Brassica</em> Species
title_full_unstemmed Early Stages of Bacterial Colonization Development After <em>Xanthomonas campestris</em> Seed Inoculation in Selected <em>Brassica</em> Species
title_short Early Stages of Bacterial Colonization Development After <em>Xanthomonas campestris</em> Seed Inoculation in Selected <em>Brassica</em> Species
title_sort early stages of bacterial colonization development after em xanthomonas campestris em seed inoculation in selected em brassica em species
topic black rot disease
cabbage
kale
kohlrabi
confocal microscopy
url https://www.mdpi.com/2311-7524/10/12/1307
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