Recombinant SAG2A Protein from <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> Modulates Immune Profile and Induces Metabolic Changes Associated with Reduced Tachyzoite Infection in Peritoneal Exudate Cells from Susceptible C57BL/6 Mice

Recombinant SAG2A Protein from <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> Modulates Immune Profile and Induces Metabolic Changes Associated with Reduced Tachyzoite Infection in Peritoneal Exudate Cells from Susceptible C57BL/6 Mice

Toxoplasmosis is a neglected disease that represents a significant public health problem. The antigenic profile of <i>T. gondii</i> is complex, and the immune response can lead to either susceptibility or resistance. Some antigens, such as surface antigen glycoprotein (SAG), are expresse...

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Main Authors: Thaíse Anne Rocha dos Santos, Mário Cézar de Oliveira, Edson Mario de Andrade Silva, Uener Ribeiro dos Santos, Monaliza Macêdo Ferreira, Ana Luísa Corrêa Soares, Neide Maria Silva, Tiago Antônio de Oliveira Mendes, Jamilly Azevedo Leal-Sena, Jair Pereira da Cunha-Júnior, Tiago Wilson Patriarca Mineo, José Roberto Mineo, Érica Araújo Mendes, Jane Lima-Santos, Carlos Priminho Pirovani
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-11-01
Series:Microorganisms
Subjects:
<i>Toxoplasma gondii</i>
macrophages
rSAG2A
cytokine
inflammation
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/12/11/2366
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Summary:Toxoplasmosis is a neglected disease that represents a significant public health problem. The antigenic profile of <i>T. gondii</i> is complex, and the immune response can lead to either susceptibility or resistance. Some antigens, such as surface antigen glycoprotein (SAG), are expressed on the surface of tachyzoite stages and interact with the host immune cells. In this study, we investigated the potential of the recombinant SAG2A protein of <i>T. gondii</i> to control parasitism and modulate the immune response in the peritoneal exudate cells (PECs) of both susceptible (C57BL/6) and resistant (BALB/c) mice using an in vitro infection model, gene expression, proteomic analysis, and bioinformatic tools. Our results showed that rSAG2A-treated PECs presented a lower parasitism in C57BL/6 mice but not in the PECs from BALB/c mice, and induced a pro-inflammatory cytokine profile in C57BL/6 mice (<i>iNOS</i>, <i>TNF-α</i>, and <i>IL-6</i>). rSAG2A modulated different exclusive proteins in each mouse lineage, with PECs from the C57BL/6 mice being more sensitive to modulation by rSAG2A. Additionally, biological processes crucial to parasite survival and immune response were modulated by rSAG2A in the C57BL/6 PECs, including fatty acid beta-oxidation, reactive oxygen species metabolism, interferon production, and cytokine-mediated signaling pathways. Together, our study indicates that rSAG2A controls <i>T. gondii</i> parasitism in susceptible C57BL/6 PECs through the modulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines and enhanced expression of proteins involved in the cytotoxic response.
ISSN:2076-2607

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