Exploring machine learning for fake news detection: techniques, tools, challenges, and future research directions

Abstract Social media usage has reached its peak across all age groups, resulting in vast quantities of data being generated daily, some internet users disseminate fake information for their own benefit. Manually checking each user profile is time-consuming, necessitating automated solutions. This p...

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Main Authors: Sapana Yakkundi, Rudragoud Patil, Sangeeta Sangani, R. H. Goudar, Swetha Indudhar Goudar, Aijazahamed Qazi
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Springer 2025-08-01
Series:Discover Applied Sciences
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1007/s42452-025-07548-3
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author Sapana Yakkundi
Rudragoud Patil
Sangeeta Sangani
R. H. Goudar
Swetha Indudhar Goudar
Aijazahamed Qazi
author_facet Sapana Yakkundi
Rudragoud Patil
Sangeeta Sangani
R. H. Goudar
Swetha Indudhar Goudar
Aijazahamed Qazi
author_sort Sapana Yakkundi
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Social media usage has reached its peak across all age groups, resulting in vast quantities of data being generated daily, some internet users disseminate fake information for their own benefit. Manually checking each user profile is time-consuming, necessitating automated solutions. This paper addresses multimodal fake news detection, examining evolving landscape of fake information on social media. It highlights the limitations of techniques that rely on single modality. This review underscores the necessity of automated systems capable of detecting and monitoring fake information in multimodal content on social media platforms. The variety of multimodal datasets, tools, and machine learning techniques used to determine the authenticity and virality of online social media content. The research outlines standard performance indicators to evaluate content, aiming to enhance the accuracy of this ongoing global issue. Furthermore, this study highlights the main challenges that are identified and suggests directions for future research to mitigate its harmful social impact. This paper emphasizes the importance of automating the verification of online information to ensure authenticity, thereby contributing to a more secure digital atmosphere.
format Article
id doaj-art-99a8c41fe6be4474b3e9a2d7262f3432
institution Kabale University
issn 3004-9261
language English
publishDate 2025-08-01
publisher Springer
record_format Article
series Discover Applied Sciences
spelling doaj-art-99a8c41fe6be4474b3e9a2d7262f34322025-08-20T04:03:00ZengSpringerDiscover Applied Sciences3004-92612025-08-017811910.1007/s42452-025-07548-3Exploring machine learning for fake news detection: techniques, tools, challenges, and future research directionsSapana Yakkundi0Rudragoud Patil1Sangeeta Sangani2R. H. Goudar3Swetha Indudhar Goudar4Aijazahamed Qazi5Department of Computer Science and Engineering, KLS Gogte Institute of TechnologyDepartment of Computer Science and Engineering, KLS Gogte Institute of TechnologyManipal Institute of Technology Bengaluru, Manipal Academy of Higher EducationDepartment of Computer Science and Engineering, Visvesvaraya Technological UniversityDepartment. of Master of Computer Applications, KLS Gogte Institute of TechnologyDepartment of Artificial Intelligence and Data Science, Angadi Institute of Technology and ManagementAbstract Social media usage has reached its peak across all age groups, resulting in vast quantities of data being generated daily, some internet users disseminate fake information for their own benefit. Manually checking each user profile is time-consuming, necessitating automated solutions. This paper addresses multimodal fake news detection, examining evolving landscape of fake information on social media. It highlights the limitations of techniques that rely on single modality. This review underscores the necessity of automated systems capable of detecting and monitoring fake information in multimodal content on social media platforms. The variety of multimodal datasets, tools, and machine learning techniques used to determine the authenticity and virality of online social media content. The research outlines standard performance indicators to evaluate content, aiming to enhance the accuracy of this ongoing global issue. Furthermore, this study highlights the main challenges that are identified and suggests directions for future research to mitigate its harmful social impact. This paper emphasizes the importance of automating the verification of online information to ensure authenticity, thereby contributing to a more secure digital atmosphere.https://doi.org/10.1007/s42452-025-07548-3Fake newsMachine learningMultimodal dataReal-time processingSocial media
spellingShingle Sapana Yakkundi
Rudragoud Patil
Sangeeta Sangani
R. H. Goudar
Swetha Indudhar Goudar
Aijazahamed Qazi
Exploring machine learning for fake news detection: techniques, tools, challenges, and future research directions
Discover Applied Sciences
Fake news
Machine learning
Multimodal data
Real-time processing
Social media
title Exploring machine learning for fake news detection: techniques, tools, challenges, and future research directions
title_full Exploring machine learning for fake news detection: techniques, tools, challenges, and future research directions
title_fullStr Exploring machine learning for fake news detection: techniques, tools, challenges, and future research directions
title_full_unstemmed Exploring machine learning for fake news detection: techniques, tools, challenges, and future research directions
title_short Exploring machine learning for fake news detection: techniques, tools, challenges, and future research directions
title_sort exploring machine learning for fake news detection techniques tools challenges and future research directions
topic Fake news
Machine learning
Multimodal data
Real-time processing
Social media
url https://doi.org/10.1007/s42452-025-07548-3
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AT rhgoudar exploringmachinelearningforfakenewsdetectiontechniquestoolschallengesandfutureresearchdirections
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