Effect of Nozzle Type on Combustion Characteristics of Ammonium Dinitramide-Based Energetic Propellant
The present study explores the influence of diverse nozzle geometries on the combustion characteristics of ADN-based energetic propellants. The pressure contour maps reveal a rapid initial increase in the average pressure of ADN-based propellants across the three different nozzles. Subsequently, the...
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2024-11-01
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| author | Jianhui Han Luyun Jiang Jifei Ye Junling Song Haichao Cui Baosheng Du Gaoping Feng |
| author_facet | Jianhui Han Luyun Jiang Jifei Ye Junling Song Haichao Cui Baosheng Du Gaoping Feng |
| author_sort | Jianhui Han |
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| description | The present study explores the influence of diverse nozzle geometries on the combustion characteristics of ADN-based energetic propellants. The pressure contour maps reveal a rapid initial increase in the average pressure of ADN-based propellants across the three different nozzles. Subsequently, the pressure tapers off gradually as time elapses. Notably, during the crucial initial period of 0–5 μs, the straight nozzle exhibited the most significant pressure surge at 30.2%, substantially outperforming the divergent (6.67%) and combined nozzles (15.5%). The combustion product variation curves indicate that the contents of reactants ADN and CH<sub>3</sub>OH underwent a steep decline, whereas the product N<sub>2</sub>O displayed a biphasic behavior, initially rising and subsequently declining. In contrast, the CO<sub>2</sub> concentration remained on a steady ascent throughout the entire combustion process, which concluded within 10 μs. Our findings suggest that the straight nozzle facilitated the more expeditious generation of high-temperature and high-pressure combustion gases for ADN-based propellants, expediting reaction kinetics and enhancing combustion efficiency. This is attributed to the reduced intermittent interactions between the nozzle wall and shock waves, which are encountered in the divergent and combined nozzles. In conclusion, the superior combustion characteristics of ADN-based propellants in the straight nozzle, compared to the divergent and combined nozzles, underscore its potential in informing the design of advanced propulsion systems and guiding the development of innovative energetic propellants. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-991bbab1a9e04711af5b7bdd413a085f |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2226-4310 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| spelling | doaj-art-991bbab1a9e04711af5b7bdd413a085f2024-11-26T17:43:00ZengMDPI AGAerospace2226-43102024-11-01111193510.3390/aerospace11110935Effect of Nozzle Type on Combustion Characteristics of Ammonium Dinitramide-Based Energetic PropellantJianhui Han0Luyun Jiang1Jifei Ye2Junling Song3Haichao Cui4Baosheng Du5Gaoping Feng6State Key Laboratory of Laser Propulsion & Application, Department of Aerospace Science and Technology, Space Engineering University, Beijing 101416, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Laser Propulsion & Application, Department of Aerospace Science and Technology, Space Engineering University, Beijing 101416, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Laser Propulsion & Application, Department of Aerospace Science and Technology, Space Engineering University, Beijing 101416, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Laser Propulsion & Application, Department of Aerospace Science and Technology, Space Engineering University, Beijing 101416, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Laser Propulsion & Application, Department of Aerospace Science and Technology, Space Engineering University, Beijing 101416, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Laser Propulsion & Application, Department of Aerospace Science and Technology, Space Engineering University, Beijing 101416, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Laser Propulsion & Application, Department of Aerospace Science and Technology, Space Engineering University, Beijing 101416, ChinaThe present study explores the influence of diverse nozzle geometries on the combustion characteristics of ADN-based energetic propellants. The pressure contour maps reveal a rapid initial increase in the average pressure of ADN-based propellants across the three different nozzles. Subsequently, the pressure tapers off gradually as time elapses. Notably, during the crucial initial period of 0–5 μs, the straight nozzle exhibited the most significant pressure surge at 30.2%, substantially outperforming the divergent (6.67%) and combined nozzles (15.5%). The combustion product variation curves indicate that the contents of reactants ADN and CH<sub>3</sub>OH underwent a steep decline, whereas the product N<sub>2</sub>O displayed a biphasic behavior, initially rising and subsequently declining. In contrast, the CO<sub>2</sub> concentration remained on a steady ascent throughout the entire combustion process, which concluded within 10 μs. Our findings suggest that the straight nozzle facilitated the more expeditious generation of high-temperature and high-pressure combustion gases for ADN-based propellants, expediting reaction kinetics and enhancing combustion efficiency. This is attributed to the reduced intermittent interactions between the nozzle wall and shock waves, which are encountered in the divergent and combined nozzles. In conclusion, the superior combustion characteristics of ADN-based propellants in the straight nozzle, compared to the divergent and combined nozzles, underscore its potential in informing the design of advanced propulsion systems and guiding the development of innovative energetic propellants.https://www.mdpi.com/2226-4310/11/11/935ammonium dinitramideenergetic propellantcombustionOpenFOAM |
| spellingShingle | Jianhui Han Luyun Jiang Jifei Ye Junling Song Haichao Cui Baosheng Du Gaoping Feng Effect of Nozzle Type on Combustion Characteristics of Ammonium Dinitramide-Based Energetic Propellant Aerospace ammonium dinitramide energetic propellant combustion OpenFOAM |
| title | Effect of Nozzle Type on Combustion Characteristics of Ammonium Dinitramide-Based Energetic Propellant |
| title_full | Effect of Nozzle Type on Combustion Characteristics of Ammonium Dinitramide-Based Energetic Propellant |
| title_fullStr | Effect of Nozzle Type on Combustion Characteristics of Ammonium Dinitramide-Based Energetic Propellant |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effect of Nozzle Type on Combustion Characteristics of Ammonium Dinitramide-Based Energetic Propellant |
| title_short | Effect of Nozzle Type on Combustion Characteristics of Ammonium Dinitramide-Based Energetic Propellant |
| title_sort | effect of nozzle type on combustion characteristics of ammonium dinitramide based energetic propellant |
| topic | ammonium dinitramide energetic propellant combustion OpenFOAM |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2226-4310/11/11/935 |
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