Exploring smallholder farm resilience to climate change: intended and actual adaptation

Low production potential of arid regions heightens vulnerability of farms to market shocks and extreme weather events. Here we examine African smallholder farmer perceptions of climate change, including perceived (intended) and actual adaptation strategies. We invoke survey questionnaires, focus gro...

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Main Authors: Jaabir Hussein, Franco Bilotto, Damaris Mbui, Philip Omondi, Matthew Tom Harrison, Todd A. Crane, Jason Sircely
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2024-11-01
Series:Pastoralism
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Online Access:https://www.frontierspartnerships.org/articles/10.3389/past.2024.13424/full
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author Jaabir Hussein
Jaabir Hussein
Franco Bilotto
Franco Bilotto
Damaris Mbui
Philip Omondi
Matthew Tom Harrison
Todd A. Crane
Jason Sircely
author_facet Jaabir Hussein
Jaabir Hussein
Franco Bilotto
Franco Bilotto
Damaris Mbui
Philip Omondi
Matthew Tom Harrison
Todd A. Crane
Jason Sircely
author_sort Jaabir Hussein
collection DOAJ
description Low production potential of arid regions heightens vulnerability of farms to market shocks and extreme weather events. Here we examine African smallholder farmer perceptions of climate change, including perceived (intended) and actual adaptation strategies. We invoke survey questionnaires, focus group discussions, interviews and meteorological data to compare smallholder perceptions with actual weather events realised. We showed that most communities perceived climate change through the lens of perturbations to rainfall and temperature. Perceived increases in precipitation, indicated by 62% of respondents, and increased temperature, indicated by 77% of participants, aligned well with evidence shown by meteorological data. Around 88% of respondents identified prolonged drought as the most frequent extreme weather, followed by unseasonal rainfall (86% of respondents). Diversification of pasture fodder species and access to technology enabling timely weather forecasts were preferred actual and intended adaptation strategies, respectively. Recurrent and prolonged drought, spurious seasonal weather patterns, and lack of access to timely weather prognostics were the primary constraints to adoption of practices aimed at climate change adaptation. While farm size and practitioner experience were not associated with adaptive capacity, awareness of climate change impact potential and household income significantly influenced the rate and extent of adoption. We revealed a marked influence of gender in adaptation to the changing climate, with households where males made decisions exhibiting 76% adoption, compared with 34% of households adopting climate adaptations where decisions were made by females. Taken together, our study narrates critical roles of knowledge, finances, and gender in enabling or inhibiting adaptation to the climate crisis.
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spelling doaj-art-98a7adad1dfc4b6aa8edce0cb7f71e562024-11-14T10:54:55ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Pastoralism2041-71362024-11-011410.3389/past.2024.1342413424Exploring smallholder farm resilience to climate change: intended and actual adaptationJaabir Hussein0Jaabir Hussein1Franco Bilotto2Franco Bilotto3Damaris Mbui4Philip Omondi5Matthew Tom Harrison6Todd A. Crane7Jason Sircely8Department of Earth and Climate Science, Institute for Climate Change and Adaptation (ICCA), University of Nairobi, Nairobi, KenyaConsultative Group for International Agricultural Research (CGIAR) Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS), International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, KenyaTasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Newnham, Launceston, TAS, AustraliaDepartment of Global Development, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United StatesDepartment of Chemistry, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, KenyaInter-Governmental Authority on Development (IGAD) Climate Prediction and Applications Centre (ICPAC), Kenya Polytechnic Institute of Agrticulture, Nairobi, KenyaTasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Newnham, Launceston, TAS, AustraliaConsultative Group for International Agricultural Research (CGIAR) Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS), International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, KenyaConsultative Group for International Agricultural Research (CGIAR) Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS), International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, KenyaLow production potential of arid regions heightens vulnerability of farms to market shocks and extreme weather events. Here we examine African smallholder farmer perceptions of climate change, including perceived (intended) and actual adaptation strategies. We invoke survey questionnaires, focus group discussions, interviews and meteorological data to compare smallholder perceptions with actual weather events realised. We showed that most communities perceived climate change through the lens of perturbations to rainfall and temperature. Perceived increases in precipitation, indicated by 62% of respondents, and increased temperature, indicated by 77% of participants, aligned well with evidence shown by meteorological data. Around 88% of respondents identified prolonged drought as the most frequent extreme weather, followed by unseasonal rainfall (86% of respondents). Diversification of pasture fodder species and access to technology enabling timely weather forecasts were preferred actual and intended adaptation strategies, respectively. Recurrent and prolonged drought, spurious seasonal weather patterns, and lack of access to timely weather prognostics were the primary constraints to adoption of practices aimed at climate change adaptation. While farm size and practitioner experience were not associated with adaptive capacity, awareness of climate change impact potential and household income significantly influenced the rate and extent of adoption. We revealed a marked influence of gender in adaptation to the changing climate, with households where males made decisions exhibiting 76% adoption, compared with 34% of households adopting climate adaptations where decisions were made by females. Taken together, our study narrates critical roles of knowledge, finances, and gender in enabling or inhibiting adaptation to the climate crisis.https://www.frontierspartnerships.org/articles/10.3389/past.2024.13424/fullclimate crisisresiliencebiodiversity crisisadaptationmitigationfood security
spellingShingle Jaabir Hussein
Jaabir Hussein
Franco Bilotto
Franco Bilotto
Damaris Mbui
Philip Omondi
Matthew Tom Harrison
Todd A. Crane
Jason Sircely
Exploring smallholder farm resilience to climate change: intended and actual adaptation
Pastoralism
climate crisis
resilience
biodiversity crisis
adaptation
mitigation
food security
title Exploring smallholder farm resilience to climate change: intended and actual adaptation
title_full Exploring smallholder farm resilience to climate change: intended and actual adaptation
title_fullStr Exploring smallholder farm resilience to climate change: intended and actual adaptation
title_full_unstemmed Exploring smallholder farm resilience to climate change: intended and actual adaptation
title_short Exploring smallholder farm resilience to climate change: intended and actual adaptation
title_sort exploring smallholder farm resilience to climate change intended and actual adaptation
topic climate crisis
resilience
biodiversity crisis
adaptation
mitigation
food security
url https://www.frontierspartnerships.org/articles/10.3389/past.2024.13424/full
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