Genotype-Structured Modeling of Variant Emergence and Its Impact on Virus Infection

Variant emergence continues to pose a threat to global public health, despite the large-scale campaigns of immunization worldwide. In this paper, we present a genotype-structured model of viral infectious and evolutionary dynamics. We calibrate the model using the available estimates for SARS-CoV-2...

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Main Author: Anass Bouchnita
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-01-01
Series:Mathematics
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7390/13/1/167
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author Anass Bouchnita
author_facet Anass Bouchnita
author_sort Anass Bouchnita
collection DOAJ
description Variant emergence continues to pose a threat to global public health, despite the large-scale campaigns of immunization worldwide. In this paper, we present a genotype-structured model of viral infectious and evolutionary dynamics. We calibrate the model using the available estimates for SARS-CoV-2 infection parameters and use it to study the conditions leading to the emergence of immune escaping variants. In particular, we show that the emergence of highly replicating or immune escaping variants could extend the duration of the infection, while the emergence of variants that are both highly replicating and immune escaping could provoke a rebound of the infection. Then, we show that the high frequency of mutation increases the chances of variant emergence, which promotes virus persistence. Further, simulations suggest that weak neutralization by antibodies could exert a selective pressure that favors the development of aggressive variants. These results can help public health officials identify and isolate the patients from where new variants emerge, which would make genomic surveillance efforts more efficient.
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spelling doaj-art-97e2ba6b47dd4896a2a3300d2164b2f72025-01-10T13:18:29ZengMDPI AGMathematics2227-73902025-01-0113116710.3390/math13010167Genotype-Structured Modeling of Variant Emergence and Its Impact on Virus InfectionAnass Bouchnita0Department of Mathematical Sciences, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USAVariant emergence continues to pose a threat to global public health, despite the large-scale campaigns of immunization worldwide. In this paper, we present a genotype-structured model of viral infectious and evolutionary dynamics. We calibrate the model using the available estimates for SARS-CoV-2 infection parameters and use it to study the conditions leading to the emergence of immune escaping variants. In particular, we show that the emergence of highly replicating or immune escaping variants could extend the duration of the infection, while the emergence of variants that are both highly replicating and immune escaping could provoke a rebound of the infection. Then, we show that the high frequency of mutation increases the chances of variant emergence, which promotes virus persistence. Further, simulations suggest that weak neutralization by antibodies could exert a selective pressure that favors the development of aggressive variants. These results can help public health officials identify and isolate the patients from where new variants emerge, which would make genomic surveillance efforts more efficient.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7390/13/1/167COVID-19variants of concernmutationsevolutionary dynamicsimmune responsenumerical simulations
spellingShingle Anass Bouchnita
Genotype-Structured Modeling of Variant Emergence and Its Impact on Virus Infection
Mathematics
COVID-19
variants of concern
mutations
evolutionary dynamics
immune response
numerical simulations
title Genotype-Structured Modeling of Variant Emergence and Its Impact on Virus Infection
title_full Genotype-Structured Modeling of Variant Emergence and Its Impact on Virus Infection
title_fullStr Genotype-Structured Modeling of Variant Emergence and Its Impact on Virus Infection
title_full_unstemmed Genotype-Structured Modeling of Variant Emergence and Its Impact on Virus Infection
title_short Genotype-Structured Modeling of Variant Emergence and Its Impact on Virus Infection
title_sort genotype structured modeling of variant emergence and its impact on virus infection
topic COVID-19
variants of concern
mutations
evolutionary dynamics
immune response
numerical simulations
url https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7390/13/1/167
work_keys_str_mv AT anassbouchnita genotypestructuredmodelingofvariantemergenceanditsimpactonvirusinfection