Association between cardiometabolic index and risk of testosterone deficiency in adult men: a cross-sectional study
Abstract Background Metabolic health is closely related to testosterone levels, and the cardiometabolic index (CMI) is a novel metabolic evaluation metric that encompasses obesity and lipid metabolism. However, there is currently a lack of research on the relationship between CMI and testosterone, w...
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2025-01-01
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| author | Yangyang Mei Bo Zhang Xiaogang Wang Renfang Xu Wei Xia Yiming Chen Xingliang Feng |
| author_facet | Yangyang Mei Bo Zhang Xiaogang Wang Renfang Xu Wei Xia Yiming Chen Xingliang Feng |
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| description | Abstract Background Metabolic health is closely related to testosterone levels, and the cardiometabolic index (CMI) is a novel metabolic evaluation metric that encompasses obesity and lipid metabolism. However, there is currently a lack of research on the relationship between CMI and testosterone, which is the objective of this study. Methods This study utilized data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) cycles from 2011 to 2016. Only adult males who completed physical measurements, lipid metabolism assessments, and testosterone measurements were included in the final analysis. The exposure variable CMI was analyzed both as a continuous variable and a categorical variable divided into quartiles. Testosterone was measured using the isotope dilution liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry technique. Linear and logistic regression analyses were used to explore the relationship between CMI and total testosterone (TT) levels, as well as the risk of testosterone deficiency (TD). Smooth curve fittings were employed to visualize their linear relationships. Subgroup analyses were conducted to evaluate the stability of our results across different participant characteristics. Finally, ROC analysis was used to assess the performance of CMI in predicting TD. Results A total of 2,747 participants were included in the analysis, including 552 with TD (20.10%). The average CMI of the sample was 1.59 ± 0.03, with TD participants having a higher CMI of 2.18 ± 0.08 compared to non-TD participants at 1.46 ± 0.03. Corresponding testosterone levels were 223.79 ± 3.69 ng/dL and 508.36 ± 5.73 ng/dL, respectively. After adjusting for all covariates, participants with higher CMI showed lower TT (β = -23.84, 95% CI: -33.94, -13.74, p < 0.0001) and a higher risk of TD (OR = 1.26, 95% CI: 1.08, 1.48, p = 0.01). When CMI was categorized into quartiles with Q1 as the reference, participants in Q4 exhibited significantly lower TT (β = -74.04, 95% CI: -106.01, -42.08, p < 0.0001) and a higher risk of TD (OR = 2.34, 95% CI: 1.18, 4.64, p = 0.02). Smooth curve fittings indicated a linear relationship between these variables. Subgroup analyses confirmed the stability of these associations across different population characteristics. ROC curve analysis demonstrated that CMI had good predictive performance for TD with a cut-off value of 1.126 and an AUC (95% CI) of 0.673 (0.649, 0.700). Conclusion CMI is associated with lower TT and a higher risk of TD, and it can predict the risk of TD. Using CMI for early detection and timely intervention could reduce the disease burden and promote reproductive health. Further prospective studies with large sample sizes are needed to validate these findings. |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Kabale University |
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| spelling | doaj-art-97d69e175a01409dbd0ad8bbc36e8c482025-01-12T12:43:11ZengBMCBMC Public Health1471-24582025-01-0125111310.1186/s12889-024-21230-0Association between cardiometabolic index and risk of testosterone deficiency in adult men: a cross-sectional studyYangyang Mei0Bo Zhang1Xiaogang Wang2Renfang Xu3Wei Xia4Yiming Chen5Xingliang Feng6Department of Urology, Jiangyin People’s Hospital Affiliated to Nantong UniversityDepartment of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversityDepartment of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversityDepartment of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversityDepartment of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversityDepartment of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversityDepartment of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversityAbstract Background Metabolic health is closely related to testosterone levels, and the cardiometabolic index (CMI) is a novel metabolic evaluation metric that encompasses obesity and lipid metabolism. However, there is currently a lack of research on the relationship between CMI and testosterone, which is the objective of this study. Methods This study utilized data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) cycles from 2011 to 2016. Only adult males who completed physical measurements, lipid metabolism assessments, and testosterone measurements were included in the final analysis. The exposure variable CMI was analyzed both as a continuous variable and a categorical variable divided into quartiles. Testosterone was measured using the isotope dilution liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry technique. Linear and logistic regression analyses were used to explore the relationship between CMI and total testosterone (TT) levels, as well as the risk of testosterone deficiency (TD). Smooth curve fittings were employed to visualize their linear relationships. Subgroup analyses were conducted to evaluate the stability of our results across different participant characteristics. Finally, ROC analysis was used to assess the performance of CMI in predicting TD. Results A total of 2,747 participants were included in the analysis, including 552 with TD (20.10%). The average CMI of the sample was 1.59 ± 0.03, with TD participants having a higher CMI of 2.18 ± 0.08 compared to non-TD participants at 1.46 ± 0.03. Corresponding testosterone levels were 223.79 ± 3.69 ng/dL and 508.36 ± 5.73 ng/dL, respectively. After adjusting for all covariates, participants with higher CMI showed lower TT (β = -23.84, 95% CI: -33.94, -13.74, p < 0.0001) and a higher risk of TD (OR = 1.26, 95% CI: 1.08, 1.48, p = 0.01). When CMI was categorized into quartiles with Q1 as the reference, participants in Q4 exhibited significantly lower TT (β = -74.04, 95% CI: -106.01, -42.08, p < 0.0001) and a higher risk of TD (OR = 2.34, 95% CI: 1.18, 4.64, p = 0.02). Smooth curve fittings indicated a linear relationship between these variables. Subgroup analyses confirmed the stability of these associations across different population characteristics. ROC curve analysis demonstrated that CMI had good predictive performance for TD with a cut-off value of 1.126 and an AUC (95% CI) of 0.673 (0.649, 0.700). Conclusion CMI is associated with lower TT and a higher risk of TD, and it can predict the risk of TD. Using CMI for early detection and timely intervention could reduce the disease burden and promote reproductive health. Further prospective studies with large sample sizes are needed to validate these findings.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-024-21230-0Cardiometabolic indexTestosteroneNHANESCross-sectional studyPredictive performance |
| spellingShingle | Yangyang Mei Bo Zhang Xiaogang Wang Renfang Xu Wei Xia Yiming Chen Xingliang Feng Association between cardiometabolic index and risk of testosterone deficiency in adult men: a cross-sectional study BMC Public Health Cardiometabolic index Testosterone NHANES Cross-sectional study Predictive performance |
| title | Association between cardiometabolic index and risk of testosterone deficiency in adult men: a cross-sectional study |
| title_full | Association between cardiometabolic index and risk of testosterone deficiency in adult men: a cross-sectional study |
| title_fullStr | Association between cardiometabolic index and risk of testosterone deficiency in adult men: a cross-sectional study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Association between cardiometabolic index and risk of testosterone deficiency in adult men: a cross-sectional study |
| title_short | Association between cardiometabolic index and risk of testosterone deficiency in adult men: a cross-sectional study |
| title_sort | association between cardiometabolic index and risk of testosterone deficiency in adult men a cross sectional study |
| topic | Cardiometabolic index Testosterone NHANES Cross-sectional study Predictive performance |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-024-21230-0 |
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