Current smoking habits in British IBD patients in the age of e-cigarettes

Background Smoking has a detrimental effect on Crohn’s disease (CD) while data on ulcerative colitis (UC) are conflicting. Smoking habits have changed dramatically in the UK due to a public smoking ban and the advent of e-cigarettes. We describe current smoking rates in patients with inflammatory bo...

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Main Authors: Chui Chong, Anisha Rahman, Khaleel Loonat, Rebecca C Sagar
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMJ Publishing Group 2019-08-01
Series:BMJ Open Gastroenterology
Online Access:https://bmjopengastro.bmj.com/content/6/1/e000309.full
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author Chui Chong
Anisha Rahman
Khaleel Loonat
Rebecca C Sagar
author_facet Chui Chong
Anisha Rahman
Khaleel Loonat
Rebecca C Sagar
author_sort Chui Chong
collection DOAJ
description Background Smoking has a detrimental effect on Crohn’s disease (CD) while data on ulcerative colitis (UC) are conflicting. Smoking habits have changed dramatically in the UK due to a public smoking ban and the advent of e-cigarettes. We describe current smoking rates in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and any effects on disease course.Methods Self-reported smoking status was elicited in outpatients with IBD, and clinical data were extracted from patient records.Results Of 465 patients (58% CD, 42% UC), 247 (53.1%) were ever-smokers (37.4% ex-smokers, 15.7% current smokers). Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) were ever used by 28 patients (15 current users). All e-cigarette users had previously smoked cigarettes and 13 had stopped smoking completely. Patients with CD were more likely to currently smoke (21.5% vs 7.7%, p<0.001) than those with UC. Ever use of biological therapy was higher in current smokers compared with never smokers (49% vs 35%, p=0.034). The need for surgery was higher in current smokers compared with never smokers (43% vs 25%, p=0.006). The risk of CD complications during 21-month prospective follow-up was numerically higher for current smoker versus e-cigarette users (53% vs 17%, p=0.19).Compared with the general population, the proportion of current cigarette smokers (14.9% vs 15.1%) and e-cigarette users was similar in our cohort (4.26% vs 5.5%).Conclusions Patients with IBD show similar smoking behaviour to the general population. E-cigarettes were used as replacement for cigarettes or by some as an intermediate step for smoking cessation. Larger, prospective studies are required to fully determine the effects of e-cigarettes on IBD.
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spelling doaj-art-97aa0b0d95c34f9ba010f680b6febe092024-12-15T09:45:09ZengBMJ Publishing GroupBMJ Open Gastroenterology2054-47742019-08-016110.1136/bmjgast-2019-000309Current smoking habits in British IBD patients in the age of e-cigarettesChui Chong0Anisha Rahman1Khaleel Loonat2Rebecca C Sagar3Leeds Gastroenterology Institute, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UKLeeds Gastroenterology Institute, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UKLeeds Gastroenterology Institute, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UKLeeds Gastroenterology Institute, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UKBackground Smoking has a detrimental effect on Crohn’s disease (CD) while data on ulcerative colitis (UC) are conflicting. Smoking habits have changed dramatically in the UK due to a public smoking ban and the advent of e-cigarettes. We describe current smoking rates in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and any effects on disease course.Methods Self-reported smoking status was elicited in outpatients with IBD, and clinical data were extracted from patient records.Results Of 465 patients (58% CD, 42% UC), 247 (53.1%) were ever-smokers (37.4% ex-smokers, 15.7% current smokers). Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) were ever used by 28 patients (15 current users). All e-cigarette users had previously smoked cigarettes and 13 had stopped smoking completely. Patients with CD were more likely to currently smoke (21.5% vs 7.7%, p<0.001) than those with UC. Ever use of biological therapy was higher in current smokers compared with never smokers (49% vs 35%, p=0.034). The need for surgery was higher in current smokers compared with never smokers (43% vs 25%, p=0.006). The risk of CD complications during 21-month prospective follow-up was numerically higher for current smoker versus e-cigarette users (53% vs 17%, p=0.19).Compared with the general population, the proportion of current cigarette smokers (14.9% vs 15.1%) and e-cigarette users was similar in our cohort (4.26% vs 5.5%).Conclusions Patients with IBD show similar smoking behaviour to the general population. E-cigarettes were used as replacement for cigarettes or by some as an intermediate step for smoking cessation. Larger, prospective studies are required to fully determine the effects of e-cigarettes on IBD.https://bmjopengastro.bmj.com/content/6/1/e000309.full
spellingShingle Chui Chong
Anisha Rahman
Khaleel Loonat
Rebecca C Sagar
Current smoking habits in British IBD patients in the age of e-cigarettes
BMJ Open Gastroenterology
title Current smoking habits in British IBD patients in the age of e-cigarettes
title_full Current smoking habits in British IBD patients in the age of e-cigarettes
title_fullStr Current smoking habits in British IBD patients in the age of e-cigarettes
title_full_unstemmed Current smoking habits in British IBD patients in the age of e-cigarettes
title_short Current smoking habits in British IBD patients in the age of e-cigarettes
title_sort current smoking habits in british ibd patients in the age of e cigarettes
url https://bmjopengastro.bmj.com/content/6/1/e000309.full
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AT rebeccacsagar currentsmokinghabitsinbritishibdpatientsintheageofecigarettes