Non-Invasive Position Measurement of a Spatial Pendulum Using Infrared Distance Sensors

For the study and experimentation of physical systems, it is essential to measure the physical variables, which implies choosing the most convenient method that does not affect the natural behavior of the system. This work presents the modeling and sensing of the spherical pendulum, integrating a no...

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Main Authors: Marco Carpio, Julio Zambrano, Roque Saltaren, Juan Cely, David Carpio
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-07-01
Series:Sensors
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/15/4624
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author Marco Carpio
Julio Zambrano
Roque Saltaren
Juan Cely
David Carpio
author_facet Marco Carpio
Julio Zambrano
Roque Saltaren
Juan Cely
David Carpio
author_sort Marco Carpio
collection DOAJ
description For the study and experimentation of physical systems, it is essential to measure the physical variables, which implies choosing the most convenient method that does not affect the natural behavior of the system. This work presents the modeling and sensing of the spherical pendulum, integrating a novel non-invasive measurement scheme based on infrared sensors arranged in a quadrature configuration. The proposed method enables the estimation of angles around two axes, leveraging light reflection on a perpendicular plane aligned with the pendulum bar. A mathematical model was developed to create simulations, and a prototype was constructed to perform experiments and validate the detection method. The values recorded by the sensors enable the reproduction of the pendulum’s trajectory, allowing for the correlation of real results with those of the simulations. The similarity of behavior between the simulations and the experimentation facilitates the validation of the proposal.
format Article
id doaj-art-96f1401953a84d73882db0601d95130a
institution Kabale University
issn 1424-8220
language English
publishDate 2025-07-01
publisher MDPI AG
record_format Article
series Sensors
spelling doaj-art-96f1401953a84d73882db0601d95130a2025-08-20T04:00:49ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202025-07-012515462410.3390/s25154624Non-Invasive Position Measurement of a Spatial Pendulum Using Infrared Distance SensorsMarco Carpio0Julio Zambrano1Roque Saltaren2Juan Cely3David Carpio4Grupo de Investigación en Interacción Robótica y Automática (GIIRA), Universidad Politécnica Salesiana, Calle Turuhuayco 3-69 y Calle Vieja, Cuenca 010105, EcuadorGrupo de Investigación en Interacción Robótica y Automática (GIIRA), Universidad Politécnica Salesiana, Calle Turuhuayco 3-69 y Calle Vieja, Cuenca 010105, EcuadorCentro de Automática y Robótica, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, C/José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, 28006 Madrid, SpainIntelligent Robotics Lab, Rey Juan Carlos University Fuenlabrada, 28942 Fuenlabrada, SpainGrupo de Investigación en Energias (GIE), Universidad Politécnica Salesiana, Calle Turuhuayco 3-69 y Calle Vieja, Cuenca 010105, EcuadorFor the study and experimentation of physical systems, it is essential to measure the physical variables, which implies choosing the most convenient method that does not affect the natural behavior of the system. This work presents the modeling and sensing of the spherical pendulum, integrating a novel non-invasive measurement scheme based on infrared sensors arranged in a quadrature configuration. The proposed method enables the estimation of angles around two axes, leveraging light reflection on a perpendicular plane aligned with the pendulum bar. A mathematical model was developed to create simulations, and a prototype was constructed to perform experiments and validate the detection method. The values recorded by the sensors enable the reproduction of the pendulum’s trajectory, allowing for the correlation of real results with those of the simulations. The similarity of behavior between the simulations and the experimentation facilitates the validation of the proposal.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/15/4624spatial pendulumnon-invasive sensingpendulum position measurementphysical sensor
spellingShingle Marco Carpio
Julio Zambrano
Roque Saltaren
Juan Cely
David Carpio
Non-Invasive Position Measurement of a Spatial Pendulum Using Infrared Distance Sensors
Sensors
spatial pendulum
non-invasive sensing
pendulum position measurement
physical sensor
title Non-Invasive Position Measurement of a Spatial Pendulum Using Infrared Distance Sensors
title_full Non-Invasive Position Measurement of a Spatial Pendulum Using Infrared Distance Sensors
title_fullStr Non-Invasive Position Measurement of a Spatial Pendulum Using Infrared Distance Sensors
title_full_unstemmed Non-Invasive Position Measurement of a Spatial Pendulum Using Infrared Distance Sensors
title_short Non-Invasive Position Measurement of a Spatial Pendulum Using Infrared Distance Sensors
title_sort non invasive position measurement of a spatial pendulum using infrared distance sensors
topic spatial pendulum
non-invasive sensing
pendulum position measurement
physical sensor
url https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/15/4624
work_keys_str_mv AT marcocarpio noninvasivepositionmeasurementofaspatialpendulumusinginfrareddistancesensors
AT juliozambrano noninvasivepositionmeasurementofaspatialpendulumusinginfrareddistancesensors
AT roquesaltaren noninvasivepositionmeasurementofaspatialpendulumusinginfrareddistancesensors
AT juancely noninvasivepositionmeasurementofaspatialpendulumusinginfrareddistancesensors
AT davidcarpio noninvasivepositionmeasurementofaspatialpendulumusinginfrareddistancesensors