Early nasal microbiota and subsequent respiratory tract infections in infants with cystic fibrosis

Abstract Background Respiratory tract infections (RTIs) drive lung function decline in children with cystic fibrosis (CF). While the respiratory microbiota is clearly associated with RTI pathogenesis in infants without CF, data on infants with CF is scarce. We compared nasal microbiota development b...

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Main Authors: Ruth Steinberg, Nadja Mostacci, Elisabeth Kieninger, Bettina Frauchiger, Carmen Casaulta, Jakob Usemann, Alexander Moeller, Daniel Trachsel, Isabelle Rochat, Sylvain Blanchon, Dominik Mueller-Suter, Barbara Kern, Maura Zanolari, Urs Frey, Kathryn A. Ramsey, Markus Hilty, Philipp Latzin, Insa Korten, SCILD study group, BILD study group
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2024-11-01
Series:Communications Medicine
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s43856-024-00616-6
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author Ruth Steinberg
Nadja Mostacci
Elisabeth Kieninger
Bettina Frauchiger
Carmen Casaulta
Jakob Usemann
Alexander Moeller
Daniel Trachsel
Isabelle Rochat
Sylvain Blanchon
Dominik Mueller-Suter
Barbara Kern
Maura Zanolari
Urs Frey
Kathryn A. Ramsey
Markus Hilty
Philipp Latzin
Insa Korten
SCILD study group
BILD study group
author_facet Ruth Steinberg
Nadja Mostacci
Elisabeth Kieninger
Bettina Frauchiger
Carmen Casaulta
Jakob Usemann
Alexander Moeller
Daniel Trachsel
Isabelle Rochat
Sylvain Blanchon
Dominik Mueller-Suter
Barbara Kern
Maura Zanolari
Urs Frey
Kathryn A. Ramsey
Markus Hilty
Philipp Latzin
Insa Korten
SCILD study group
BILD study group
author_sort Ruth Steinberg
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Respiratory tract infections (RTIs) drive lung function decline in children with cystic fibrosis (CF). While the respiratory microbiota is clearly associated with RTI pathogenesis in infants without CF, data on infants with CF is scarce. We compared nasal microbiota development between infants with CF and controls and assessed associations between early-life nasal microbiota, RTIs, and antibiotic treatment in infants with CF. Methods We included 50 infants with CF and 30 controls from two prospective birth cohorts followed throughout the first year of life. We collected 1511 biweekly nasal swabs and analyzed the microbiota after amplifying the V3–V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene. We conducted structured weekly interviews to assess respiratory symptoms and antibiotic treatment. We calculated generalized additive mixed models and permutational analysis of variance. Results Here, we show that the nasal microbiota is already altered before the first RTI or antibiotic treatment in infants with CF. Microbiota diversity differs between infants with CF and controls following RTIs and/or antibiotic treatment. CF infants with lower α-diversity have a higher number of subsequent RTIs. Conclusions Early nasal microbiota alterations may reflect predisposition or predispose to RTIs in infants with CF, and further change after RTIs and antibiotic treatment. This highlights the potential of targeting the nasal microbiota in CF-related RTI management, while also questioning current practices in the era of novel modulator therapies.
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spelling doaj-art-969e5ed04ec44c5d922c69b646f8932b2024-11-24T12:41:05ZengNature PortfolioCommunications Medicine2730-664X2024-11-014111010.1038/s43856-024-00616-6Early nasal microbiota and subsequent respiratory tract infections in infants with cystic fibrosisRuth Steinberg0Nadja Mostacci1Elisabeth Kieninger2Bettina Frauchiger3Carmen Casaulta4Jakob Usemann5Alexander Moeller6Daniel Trachsel7Isabelle Rochat8Sylvain Blanchon9Dominik Mueller-Suter10Barbara Kern11Maura Zanolari12Urs Frey13Kathryn A. Ramsey14Markus Hilty15Philipp Latzin16Insa Korten17SCILD study groupBILD study groupDivision of Paediatric Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Departement of Paediatrics, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of BernInstitute for Infectious Diseases, University of BernDivision of Paediatric Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Departement of Paediatrics, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of BernDivision of Paediatric Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Departement of Paediatrics, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of BernDivision of Paediatric Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Departement of Paediatrics, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of BernPaediatric Intensive Care and Pulmonology, University Children’s Hospital Basel (UKBB)Department of Respiratory Medicine and Children’s Research Center, University Children’s Hospital ZurichPaediatric Intensive Care and Pulmonology, University Children’s Hospital Basel (UKBB)Pediatric Pulmonology and Cystic Fibrosis Unit, Division of Pediatrics, Department of Woman-Mother-Child, Lausanne University Hospital and University of LausannePediatric Pulmonology and Cystic Fibrosis Unit, Division of Pediatrics, Department of Woman-Mother-Child, Lausanne University Hospital and University of LausanneDivision of Pediatric Pneumology, Kantonsspital AarauDivision of Pediatric Pneumology, Kantonsspital AarauDivision of Pediatrics, Hospital BellinzonaPaediatric Intensive Care and Pulmonology, University Children’s Hospital Basel (UKBB)Division of Paediatric Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Departement of Paediatrics, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of BernInstitute for Infectious Diseases, University of BernDivision of Paediatric Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Departement of Paediatrics, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of BernDivision of Paediatric Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Departement of Paediatrics, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of BernAbstract Background Respiratory tract infections (RTIs) drive lung function decline in children with cystic fibrosis (CF). While the respiratory microbiota is clearly associated with RTI pathogenesis in infants without CF, data on infants with CF is scarce. We compared nasal microbiota development between infants with CF and controls and assessed associations between early-life nasal microbiota, RTIs, and antibiotic treatment in infants with CF. Methods We included 50 infants with CF and 30 controls from two prospective birth cohorts followed throughout the first year of life. We collected 1511 biweekly nasal swabs and analyzed the microbiota after amplifying the V3–V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene. We conducted structured weekly interviews to assess respiratory symptoms and antibiotic treatment. We calculated generalized additive mixed models and permutational analysis of variance. Results Here, we show that the nasal microbiota is already altered before the first RTI or antibiotic treatment in infants with CF. Microbiota diversity differs between infants with CF and controls following RTIs and/or antibiotic treatment. CF infants with lower α-diversity have a higher number of subsequent RTIs. Conclusions Early nasal microbiota alterations may reflect predisposition or predispose to RTIs in infants with CF, and further change after RTIs and antibiotic treatment. This highlights the potential of targeting the nasal microbiota in CF-related RTI management, while also questioning current practices in the era of novel modulator therapies.https://doi.org/10.1038/s43856-024-00616-6
spellingShingle Ruth Steinberg
Nadja Mostacci
Elisabeth Kieninger
Bettina Frauchiger
Carmen Casaulta
Jakob Usemann
Alexander Moeller
Daniel Trachsel
Isabelle Rochat
Sylvain Blanchon
Dominik Mueller-Suter
Barbara Kern
Maura Zanolari
Urs Frey
Kathryn A. Ramsey
Markus Hilty
Philipp Latzin
Insa Korten
SCILD study group
BILD study group
Early nasal microbiota and subsequent respiratory tract infections in infants with cystic fibrosis
Communications Medicine
title Early nasal microbiota and subsequent respiratory tract infections in infants with cystic fibrosis
title_full Early nasal microbiota and subsequent respiratory tract infections in infants with cystic fibrosis
title_fullStr Early nasal microbiota and subsequent respiratory tract infections in infants with cystic fibrosis
title_full_unstemmed Early nasal microbiota and subsequent respiratory tract infections in infants with cystic fibrosis
title_short Early nasal microbiota and subsequent respiratory tract infections in infants with cystic fibrosis
title_sort early nasal microbiota and subsequent respiratory tract infections in infants with cystic fibrosis
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s43856-024-00616-6
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