Global Observations of Geomagnetically Induced Currents Caused by an Extremely Intense Density Pulse During a Coronal Mass Ejection
Abstract A variety of magnetosphere‐ionosphere current systems and waves have been linked to geomagnetic disturbance (GMD) and geomagnetically induced currents (GIC). However, since many location‐specific factors control GMD and GIC intensity, it is often unclear what mechanisms generate the largest...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2024-10-01
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| Series: | Space Weather |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1029/2024SW003993 |
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| author | Terry Z. Liu Xueling Shi Michael D. Hartinger Vassilis Angelopoulos Craig J. Rodger Ari Viljanen Yi Qi Chen Shi Hannah Parry Ian Mann Darcy Cordell Hadi Madanian Daniel H. Mac Manus Michael Dalzell Ryan Cui Ryan MacMullin Greg Young‐Morris Christian Noel Jeffrey Streifling |
| author_facet | Terry Z. Liu Xueling Shi Michael D. Hartinger Vassilis Angelopoulos Craig J. Rodger Ari Viljanen Yi Qi Chen Shi Hannah Parry Ian Mann Darcy Cordell Hadi Madanian Daniel H. Mac Manus Michael Dalzell Ryan Cui Ryan MacMullin Greg Young‐Morris Christian Noel Jeffrey Streifling |
| author_sort | Terry Z. Liu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract A variety of magnetosphere‐ionosphere current systems and waves have been linked to geomagnetic disturbance (GMD) and geomagnetically induced currents (GIC). However, since many location‐specific factors control GMD and GIC intensity, it is often unclear what mechanisms generate the largest GMD and GIC in different locations. We address this challenge through analysis of multi‐satellite measurements and globally distributed magnetometer and GIC measurements. We find embedded within the magnetic cloud of the 23–24 April 2023 coronal mass ejection (CME) storm there was a global scale density pulse lasting for 10–20 min with compression ratio of ∼10. It caused substantial dayside displacements of the bow shock and magnetopause, changes of 6RE and 1.3−2RE, respectively, which in turn caused large amplitude GMD in the magnetosphere and on the ground across a wide local time range. At the time this global GMD was observed, GIC measured in New Zealand, Finland, Canada, and the United States were observed. The GIC were comparable (within factors of 2–2.5) to the largest ever recorded during ≥14 year monitoring intervals in New Zealand and Finland and represented ∼2‐year maxima in the United States during a period with several Kp≥7 geomagnetic storms. Additionally, the GIC measurements in the USA and other mid‐latitude locations exhibited wave‐like fluctuations with 1–2 min period. This work suggests that large density pulses in CME should be considered an important driver of large amplitude, global GMD and among the largest GIC at mid‐latitude locations, and that sampling intervals ≤10s are required to capture these GMD/GIC. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-9608076b89bf47b6bf7e8d6990476214 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1542-7390 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-10-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Space Weather |
| spelling | doaj-art-9608076b89bf47b6bf7e8d69904762142025-01-14T16:31:08ZengWileySpace Weather1542-73902024-10-012210n/an/a10.1029/2024SW003993Global Observations of Geomagnetically Induced Currents Caused by an Extremely Intense Density Pulse During a Coronal Mass EjectionTerry Z. Liu0Xueling Shi1Michael D. Hartinger2Vassilis Angelopoulos3Craig J. Rodger4Ari Viljanen5Yi Qi6Chen Shi7Hannah Parry8Ian Mann9Darcy Cordell10Hadi Madanian11Daniel H. Mac Manus12Michael Dalzell13Ryan Cui14Ryan MacMullin15Greg Young‐Morris16Christian Noel17Jeffrey Streifling18Department of Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences University of California, Los Angeles Los Angeles CA USADepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering Virginia Tech Blacksburg VA USADepartment of Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences University of California, Los Angeles Los Angeles CA USADepartment of Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences University of California, Los Angeles Los Angeles CA USADepartment of Physics University of Otago Dunedin New ZealandFinnish Meteorological Institute Helsinki FinlandLaboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics University of Colorado Boulder Boulder CO USADepartment of Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences University of California, Los Angeles Los Angeles CA USADepartment of Physics University of Alberta Edmonton AB CanadaDepartment of Physics University of Alberta Edmonton AB CanadaDepartment of Physics University of Alberta Edmonton AB CanadaLaboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics University of Colorado Boulder Boulder CO USADepartment of Physics University of Otago Dunedin New ZealandTranspower New Zealand Ltd. Wellington New ZealandAltaLink Calgary AB CanadaAltaLink Calgary AB CanadaNB Power Fredericton NB CanadaNB Power Fredericton NB CanadaNB Power Fredericton NB CanadaAbstract A variety of magnetosphere‐ionosphere current systems and waves have been linked to geomagnetic disturbance (GMD) and geomagnetically induced currents (GIC). However, since many location‐specific factors control GMD and GIC intensity, it is often unclear what mechanisms generate the largest GMD and GIC in different locations. We address this challenge through analysis of multi‐satellite measurements and globally distributed magnetometer and GIC measurements. We find embedded within the magnetic cloud of the 23–24 April 2023 coronal mass ejection (CME) storm there was a global scale density pulse lasting for 10–20 min with compression ratio of ∼10. It caused substantial dayside displacements of the bow shock and magnetopause, changes of 6RE and 1.3−2RE, respectively, which in turn caused large amplitude GMD in the magnetosphere and on the ground across a wide local time range. At the time this global GMD was observed, GIC measured in New Zealand, Finland, Canada, and the United States were observed. The GIC were comparable (within factors of 2–2.5) to the largest ever recorded during ≥14 year monitoring intervals in New Zealand and Finland and represented ∼2‐year maxima in the United States during a period with several Kp≥7 geomagnetic storms. Additionally, the GIC measurements in the USA and other mid‐latitude locations exhibited wave‐like fluctuations with 1–2 min period. This work suggests that large density pulses in CME should be considered an important driver of large amplitude, global GMD and among the largest GIC at mid‐latitude locations, and that sampling intervals ≤10s are required to capture these GMD/GIC.https://doi.org/10.1029/2024SW003993CMEmagnetic stormdensity pulsegeomagnetic disturbancesgeomagnetically induced currents |
| spellingShingle | Terry Z. Liu Xueling Shi Michael D. Hartinger Vassilis Angelopoulos Craig J. Rodger Ari Viljanen Yi Qi Chen Shi Hannah Parry Ian Mann Darcy Cordell Hadi Madanian Daniel H. Mac Manus Michael Dalzell Ryan Cui Ryan MacMullin Greg Young‐Morris Christian Noel Jeffrey Streifling Global Observations of Geomagnetically Induced Currents Caused by an Extremely Intense Density Pulse During a Coronal Mass Ejection Space Weather CME magnetic storm density pulse geomagnetic disturbances geomagnetically induced currents |
| title | Global Observations of Geomagnetically Induced Currents Caused by an Extremely Intense Density Pulse During a Coronal Mass Ejection |
| title_full | Global Observations of Geomagnetically Induced Currents Caused by an Extremely Intense Density Pulse During a Coronal Mass Ejection |
| title_fullStr | Global Observations of Geomagnetically Induced Currents Caused by an Extremely Intense Density Pulse During a Coronal Mass Ejection |
| title_full_unstemmed | Global Observations of Geomagnetically Induced Currents Caused by an Extremely Intense Density Pulse During a Coronal Mass Ejection |
| title_short | Global Observations of Geomagnetically Induced Currents Caused by an Extremely Intense Density Pulse During a Coronal Mass Ejection |
| title_sort | global observations of geomagnetically induced currents caused by an extremely intense density pulse during a coronal mass ejection |
| topic | CME magnetic storm density pulse geomagnetic disturbances geomagnetically induced currents |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1029/2024SW003993 |
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