Experimental evaluation of water surface profiles upstream and downstream of a culvert with and without an apron

Culverts are structures designed to facilitate the transfer of water beneath roadways, effectively connecting two areas within a catchment. Several critical parameters influence the design of a culvert and its surrounding environment. Among these, the flow conditions and the management of water leve...

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Main Authors: Soroush Jafari, Mohammad Vaghefi, Amin Mahmoudi
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2024-12-01
Series:Results in Engineering
Subjects:
Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590123024016281
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author Soroush Jafari
Mohammad Vaghefi
Amin Mahmoudi
author_facet Soroush Jafari
Mohammad Vaghefi
Amin Mahmoudi
author_sort Soroush Jafari
collection DOAJ
description Culverts are structures designed to facilitate the transfer of water beneath roadways, effectively connecting two areas within a catchment. Several critical parameters influence the design of a culvert and its surrounding environment. Among these, the flow conditions and the management of water levels at both the inlet and outlet are essential for the culvert's operation, particularly regarding its performance during flood events. This article examines the impact of variations in the longitudinal slope of the culvert and the elevation of the downstream bed—both with and without an apron—on the flow profile entering and exiting the culvert. To investigate this, a series of 80 experiments were conducted in a straight laboratory channel under steady flow conditions. The objective of these tests is to analyze the water level profiles both upstream and downstream of the culvert under various scenarios. The results indicated that increasing the culvert slope led to a rise in water level on the upstream side of the culvert. Specifically, the maximum water level upstream increased by 14 %, 56 %, and 65.1 % when the culvert slope was raised from zero to 2.5 %, 4 %, and 5.5 %, respectively. Additionally, the minimum water level upstream also increased by 19.1 %, 70.6 %, and 83.1 % under the same slope changes. The average maximum and minimum water levels for all scenarios were calculated and compared. The findings of this research will be valuable for analyzing water transfer both upstream and downstream of the culvert structure, as well as for enhancing hydraulic c alculations related to its performance.
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spelling doaj-art-956a72dc48d94ba6a4976a68c2f490a32024-12-19T10:59:12ZengElsevierResults in Engineering2590-12302024-12-0124103375Experimental evaluation of water surface profiles upstream and downstream of a culvert with and without an apronSoroush Jafari0Mohammad Vaghefi1Amin Mahmoudi2Department of Civil Engineering, Persian Gulf University, Bushehr 75169, IranDepartment of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Persian Gulf University, Bushehr 75169, Iran; Corresponding author.Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Persian Gulf University, Bushehr 75169, IranCulverts are structures designed to facilitate the transfer of water beneath roadways, effectively connecting two areas within a catchment. Several critical parameters influence the design of a culvert and its surrounding environment. Among these, the flow conditions and the management of water levels at both the inlet and outlet are essential for the culvert's operation, particularly regarding its performance during flood events. This article examines the impact of variations in the longitudinal slope of the culvert and the elevation of the downstream bed—both with and without an apron—on the flow profile entering and exiting the culvert. To investigate this, a series of 80 experiments were conducted in a straight laboratory channel under steady flow conditions. The objective of these tests is to analyze the water level profiles both upstream and downstream of the culvert under various scenarios. The results indicated that increasing the culvert slope led to a rise in water level on the upstream side of the culvert. Specifically, the maximum water level upstream increased by 14 %, 56 %, and 65.1 % when the culvert slope was raised from zero to 2.5 %, 4 %, and 5.5 %, respectively. Additionally, the minimum water level upstream also increased by 19.1 %, 70.6 %, and 83.1 % under the same slope changes. The average maximum and minimum water levels for all scenarios were calculated and compared. The findings of this research will be valuable for analyzing water transfer both upstream and downstream of the culvert structure, as well as for enhancing hydraulic c alculations related to its performance.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590123024016281CulvertWater levelBed levelSlope of culvertApron
spellingShingle Soroush Jafari
Mohammad Vaghefi
Amin Mahmoudi
Experimental evaluation of water surface profiles upstream and downstream of a culvert with and without an apron
Results in Engineering
Culvert
Water level
Bed level
Slope of culvert
Apron
title Experimental evaluation of water surface profiles upstream and downstream of a culvert with and without an apron
title_full Experimental evaluation of water surface profiles upstream and downstream of a culvert with and without an apron
title_fullStr Experimental evaluation of water surface profiles upstream and downstream of a culvert with and without an apron
title_full_unstemmed Experimental evaluation of water surface profiles upstream and downstream of a culvert with and without an apron
title_short Experimental evaluation of water surface profiles upstream and downstream of a culvert with and without an apron
title_sort experimental evaluation of water surface profiles upstream and downstream of a culvert with and without an apron
topic Culvert
Water level
Bed level
Slope of culvert
Apron
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590123024016281
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AT mohammadvaghefi experimentalevaluationofwatersurfaceprofilesupstreamanddownstreamofaculvertwithandwithoutanapron
AT aminmahmoudi experimentalevaluationofwatersurfaceprofilesupstreamanddownstreamofaculvertwithandwithoutanapron